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Accessing last x characters of a string in Bash
... line:
$ foo=1234567890
$ echo $foo | grep -o ...$
890
To make it optionally get the 1 to 3 last chars, in case of strings with less than 3 chars, you can use egrep with this regex:
$ echo a | egrep -o '.{1,3}$'
a
$ echo ab | egrep -o '.{1,3}$'
ab
$ echo abc | egrep -o '.{1,3}$'
abc
$ echo abcd ...
git diff between cloned and original remote repository
I have cloned a github repository and made no changes locally. Github repository moved forward with commits on the same branch.
...
Encoding an image file with base64
... here is an update after you have edited your original question.
First of all, remember to use raw strings (prefix the string with 'r') when using path delimiters on Windows, to prevent accidentally hitting an escape character. Second, PIL's Image.open either accepts a filename, or a file-like (tha...
How can I create directory tree in C++/Linux?
...C++ compilers.
/*
@(#)File: mkpath.c
@(#)Purpose: Create all directories in path
@(#)Author: J Leffler
@(#)Copyright: (C) JLSS 1990-2020
@(#)Derivation: mkpath.c 1.16 2020/06/19 15:08:10
*/
/*TABSTOP=4*/
#include "posixver.h"
#include "mkpath.h"
#include "emalloc...
isset() and empty() - what to use
... check - is variable empty or contains something. To solve this task, I usually do the following.
6 Answers
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Why can't I call read() twice on an open file?
...ntents of a given file twice using the read() method. Strangely, when I call it the second time, it doesn't seem to return the file content as a string?
...
How to implement an abstract class in ruby?
I know there is no concept of abstract class in ruby. But if at all it needs to be implemented, how to go about it? I tried something like...
...
Polymorphism in C++
...ecific code selected?
Run time means the compiler must generate code for all the types the program might handle while running, and at run-time the correct code is selected (virtual dispatch)
Compile time means the choice of type-specific code is made during compilation. A consequence of this: say...
When to use window.opener / window.parent / window.top
...
window.opener refers to the window that called window.open( ... ) to open the window from which it's called
window.parent refers to the parent of a window in a <frame> or <iframe>
window.top refers to the top-most window from a window nested in one or mo...
Best way to make Java's modulus behave like it should with negative numbers?
... b) would become larger than b. Therefore, (a % b + b) % b turns it into smaller than b again (and doesn't affect negative a values).
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