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What is a higher kinded type in Scala?
...pply to value arguments to "construct" a value.
Value constructors are usually called "functions" or "methods". These "constructors" are also said to be "polymorphic" (because they can be used to construct "stuff" of varying "shape"), or "abstractions" (since they abstract over what varies between ...
How should I read a file line-by-line in Python?
...pen('filename.txt') as fp:
for line in fp:
print line
We are all spoiled by CPython's relatively deterministic reference-counting scheme for garbage collection. Other, hypothetical implementations of Python will not necessarily close the file "quickly enough" without the with block if...
What is the difference between a cer, pvk, and pfx file?
...authority certificates, and private keys. Its contents can be cryptographically protected (with passwords) to keep private keys private and preserve the integrity of root certificates.
Windows uses .pvk for a private key file. I'm not sure what standard (if any) Windows follows for these. Hopefully...
What is the difference between and ?
...ue may or may not have any real meaning.
<html lang="en-US"> essentially means "this page is in the US style of English." In a similar way, <html lang="en-GB"> would mean "this page is in the United Kingdom style of English."
If you really wanted to specify an invalid combination, you...
Logging request/response messages when using HttpClient
... intercepts the request before it handles it to HttpClientHandler which finally writes to the wire.
PostAsJsonAsync extension internally creates an ObjectContent and when ReadAsStringAsync() is called in the LoggingHandler, it causes the formatter
inside ObjectContent to serialize the object and tha...
What is a “Stub”?
...lar kinds of double:
Dummy objects are passed around but never actually used. Usually they are just used to fill parameter lists.
Fake objects actually have working implementations, but usually take some shortcut which makes them not suitable for production (an in memory database is a good...
What is the difference between an annotated and unannotated tag?
...you passed the -a flag for annotation and use the provided message.
Basically, it just amounts to whether you want the tag to have an annotation and some other information associated with it or not.
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Formatting a float to 2 decimal places
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Just in case you're unsure (I was), all of these ways for formatting a float value do provide rounding.
– RenniePet
Nov 12 '17 at 15:03
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When to use self over $this?
...
$x = new Y();
$x->bar();
?>
The idea is that $this->foo() calls the foo() member function of whatever is the exact type of the current object. If the object is of type X, it thus calls X::foo(). If the object is of type Y, it calls Y::foo(). But with self::foo(), X::foo() is always ...
Event system in Python
...r methods', which is a
simple implementation of the Observer pattern.
Basically, the handler methods (callables) are stored in an array and are each called when the event 'fires'.
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The disadvantage of Observer event systems is that you can only register the handlers on the actual Ev...