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What is N-Tier architecture?

...er architecture in which, the presentation, the application processing and the data management are logically separate processes. For example, an application that uses middleware to service data requests between a user and a database employs multi-tier architecture. The most widesprea...
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How do I handle newlines in JSON?

I've generated some JSON and I'm trying to pull it into an object in JavaScript. I keep getting errors. Here's what I have: ...
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How to implement classic sorting algorithms in modern C++?

The std::sort algorithm (and its cousins std::partial_sort and std::nth_element ) from the C++ Standard Library is in most implementations a complicated and hybrid amalgamation of more elementary sorting algorithms , such as selection sort, insertion sort, quick sort, merge sort, or heap sort....
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Time complexity of Euclid's Algorithm

...ow what happens over two iterations: a', b' := a % b, b % (a % b) Now a and b will both decrease, instead of only one, which makes the analysis easier. You can divide it into cases: Tiny A: 2a <= b Tiny B: 2b <= a Small A: 2a > b but a < b Small B: 2b > a but b < a Equal: a ==...
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Counting inversions in an array

... find all inversion pairs such that A[i] > A[j] . I'm using merge sort and copying array A to array B and then comparing the two arrays, but I'm having a difficult time seeing how I can use this to find the number of inversions. Any hints or help would be greatly appreciated. ...
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Unique (non-repeating) random numbers in O(1)?

I'd like to generate unique random numbers between 0 and 1000 that never repeat (i.e. 6 doesn't show up twice), but that doesn't resort to something like an O(N) search of previous values to do it. Is this possible? ...
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Evenly distributing n points on a sphere

...le code node[k] is just the kth node. You are generating an array N points and node[k] is the kth (from 0 to N-1). If that is all that is confusing you, hopefully you can use that now. (in other words, k is an array of size N that is defined before the code fragment starts, and which contains a lis...
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Set every cell in matrix to 0 if that row or column contains a 0

Given a NxN matrix with 0s and 1s. Set every row that contains a 0 to all 0 s and set every column that contains a 0 to all 0 s. ...
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What is the easiest way to remove the first character from a string?

... p asdf # >> "12,23,987,43" I'm always looking for the fastest and most readable way of doing things: require 'benchmark' N = 1_000_000 puts RUBY_VERSION STR = "[12,23,987,43" Benchmark.bm(7) do |b| b.report('[0]') { N.times { "[12,23,987,43"[0] = '' } } b.report('sub') { N.time...
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Why doesn't 'ref' and 'out' support polymorphism?

... UPDATE: I used this answer as the basis for this blog entry: Why do ref and out parameters not allow type variation? See the blog page for more commentary on this issue. Thanks for the great question. ============= Let's suppose you have classes Animal, Mammal, Reptile, Giraffe, Turtle and Ti...