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Why #define TRUE (1==1) in a C boolean macro instead of simply as 1?
...he actual boolean type (and resolve to true and false) if the compiler supports it. (specifically, C++)
However, it would be better to check whether C++ is in use (via the __cplusplus macro) and actually use true and false.
In a C compiler, this is equivalent to 0 and 1.
(note that removing the pa...
What's the difference between passing by reference vs. passing by value?
...
First and foremost, the "pass by value vs. pass by reference" distinction as defined in the CS theory is now obsolete because the technique originally defined as "pass by reference" has since fallen out of favor and is seldom used now.1...
Algorithm for Determining Tic Tac Toe Game Over
...n Java, and my current method of determining the end of the game accounts for the following possible scenarios for the game being over:
...
How to properly assert that an exception gets raised in pytest?
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pytest.raises(Exception) is what you need.
Code
import pytest
def test_passes():
with pytest.raises(Exception) as e_info:
x = 1 / 0
def test_passes_without_info():
with pytest.raises(Exception):
x = 1 / 0
def test_fails():
with pytest.raises(Exc...
How do I prompt a user for confirmation in bash script? [duplicate]
I want to put a quick "are you sure?" prompt for confirmation at the top of a potentially dangerous bash script, what's the easiest/best way to do this?
...
Checking if a string can be converted to float in Python
...hon code that runs through a list of strings and converts them to integers or floating point numbers if possible. Doing this for integers is pretty easy
...
How do I set a variable to the output of a command in Bash?
...n to backticks `command`, command substitution can be done with $(command) or "$(command)", which I find easier to read, and allows for nesting.
OUTPUT=$(ls -1)
echo "${OUTPUT}"
MULTILINE=$(ls \
-1)
echo "${MULTILINE}"
Quoting (") does matter to preserve multi-line variable values; it is opti...
How can I capitalize the first letter of each word in a string?
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The .title() method of a string (either ASCII or Unicode is fine) does this:
>>> "hello world".title()
'Hello World'
>>> u"hello world".title()
u'Hello World'
However, look out for strings with embedded apostrophes, as noted in the docs.
The algorithm...
How does the socket API accept() function work?
The socket API is the de-facto standard for TCP/IP and UDP/IP communications (that is, networking code as we know it). However, one of its core functions, accept() is a bit magical.
...
Why does auto a=1; compile in C?
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auto is an old C keyword that means "local scope". auto a is the same as auto int a, and because local scope is the default for a variable declared inside a function, it's also the same as int a in this example.
This keyword is actually a leftov...