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What __init__ and self do on Python?

...to declare it explicitly. When you create an instance of the A class and call its methods, it will be passed automatically, as in ... a = A() # We do not pass any argument to the __init__ method a.method_a('Sailor!') # We only pass a single argument The __init__ method is roughly w...
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Python unittest - opposite of assertRaises?

...the correct solution in fact. The solution proposed by user9876 is conceptually flawed: if you test for the non-raising of say ValueError, but ValueError is instead raised, your test must exit with a failure condition, not an error one. On the other hand, if in running the same code you would raise ...
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Odd behavior when Java converts int to byte?

...+ unsignedByte); Would print out: "Signed: -1 Unsigned: 255" What's actually happening here? We are using bitwise AND to mask all of the extraneous sign bits (the 1's to the left of the least significant 8 bits.) When an int is converted into a byte, Java chops-off the left-most 24 bits 111111...
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Performance difference for control structures 'for' and 'foreach' in C#

...t will depend on whether you're doing any real work in the loop. In almost all cases, the difference to performance won't be significant, but the difference to readability favours the foreach loop. I'd personally use LINQ to avoid the "if" too: foreach (var item in list.Where(condition)) { } EDI...
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Python - Create a list with initial capacity

...bject %d" % ( i, ) result.append(message) return result def doAllocate( size=10000 ): result=size*[None] for i in range(size): message= "some unique object %d" % ( i, ) result[i]= message return result Results. (evaluate each function 144 times and average ...
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Use numpy array in shared memory for multiprocessing

... To add to @unutbu's (not available anymore) and @Henry Gomersall's answers. You could use shared_arr.get_lock() to synchronize access when needed: shared_arr = mp.Array(ctypes.c_double, N) # ... def f(i): # could be anything numpy accepts as an index such another numpy array with ...
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When would anyone use a union? Is it a remnant from the C-only days?

I have learned but don't really get unions. Every C or C++ text I go through introduces them (sometimes in passing), but they tend to give very few practical examples of why or where to use them. When would unions be useful in a modern (or even legacy) case? My only two guesses would be programming ...
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How update the _id of one MongoDB Document?

I want update an _id field of one document. I know it's not a really good pratice. But with some technical reason, I need update it. If I try to update it I get: ...
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lodash multi-column sortBy descending

...dash.com/docs#orderBy) in Lodash as of 4.3.0. The normal sort function is called _.sortBy(lodash.com/docs#sortBy) – Nidhin David Feb 12 '16 at 11:19 2 ...
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Hidden Features of PHP? [closed]

...and getting a reference most of the time is great. – Allain Lalonde Sep 14 '08 at 17:46 1 This is...