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Get exception description and stack trace which caused an exception, all as a string

... See the traceback module, specifically the format_exc() function. Here. import traceback try: raise ValueError except ValueError: tb = traceback.format_exc() else: tb = "No error" finally: print tb ...
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What does the caret operator (^) in Python do?

... It invokes the __xor__() or __rxor__() method of the object as needed, which for integer types does a bitwise exclusive-or. share | improv...
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Get class that defined method

... import inspect def get_class_that_defined_method(meth): for cls in inspect.getmro(meth.im_class): if meth.__name__ in cls.__dict__: return cls return None ...
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Elegant ways to support equivalence (“equality”) in Python classes

... and != operators. In Python, this is made possible by implementing the __eq__ and __ne__ special methods, respectively. The easiest way I've found to do this is the following method: ...
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How to get name of exception that was caught in Python?

...rent ways to get the name of the class of the exception: type(exception).__name__ exception.__class__.__name__ exception.__class__.__qualname__ e.g., try: foo = bar except Exception as exception: assert type(exception).__name__ == 'NameError' assert exception.__class__.__name__ == '...
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Python memoising/deferred lookup property decorator

... from boltons.cacheutils import cachedproperty class Foo(object): def __init__(self): self.value = 4 @cachedproperty def cached_prop(self): self.value += 1 return self.value f = Foo() print(f.value) # initial value print(f.cached_prop) # cached property is c...
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Python constructors and __init__

...ame but different arguments. In your code example, you're not overloading __init__(). What happens is that the second definition rebinds the name __init__ to the new method, rendering the first method inaccessible. As to your general question about constructors, Wikipedia is a good starting point....
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List all the modules that are part of a python package?

... import email package = email for importer, modname, ispkg in pkgutil.iter_modules(package.__path__): print "Found submodule %s (is a package: %s)" % (modname, ispkg) How to import them too? You can just use __import__ as normal: import pkgutil # this is the package we are inspecting -- for...
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List all the files that ever existed in a Git repository

...s with them. Sample use: $ git ff create A database/migrations/2014_10_12_000000_create_users_table.php A database/migrations/2014_10_12_100000_create_password_resets_table.php A database/migrations/2015_05_11_200932_create_boletin_table.php A database/migrations/2015_05_15...
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How to override the copy/deepcopy operations for a Python object?

...ully, but this is the first time I've actually gone about overloading the __copy__ and __deepcopy__ methods. I've already Googled around and looked through the built-in Python modules to look for instances of the __copy__ and __deepcopy__ functions (e.g. sets.py , decimal.py , and fracti...