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Case insensitive 'in'

...ive. Minimally, for example...: class CaseInsensitively(object): def __init__(self, s): self.__s = s.lower() def __hash__(self): return hash(self.__s) def __eq__(self, other): # ensure proper comparison between instances of this class try: oth...
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What are good uses for Python3's “Function Annotations”

...re what you make of them. They can be used for documentation: def kinetic_energy(mass: 'in kilograms', velocity: 'in meters per second'): ... They can be used for pre-condition checking: def validate(func, locals): for var, test in func.__annotations__.items(): value = locals[v...
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How do I create an average from a Ruby array?

... Try this: arr = [5, 6, 7, 8] arr.inject{ |sum, el| sum + el }.to_f / arr.size => 6.5 Note the .to_f, which you'll want for avoiding any problems from integer division. You can also do: arr = [5, 6, 7, 8] arr.inject(0.0) { |sum, el| sum + el } / arr.size => 6.5 You can define it...
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What does the restrict keyword mean in C++?

...h the time. Edit I also found that IBM's AIX C/C++ compiler supports the __restrict__ keyword. g++ also seems to support this as the following program compiles cleanly on g++: #include <stdio.h> int foo(int * __restrict__ a, int * __restrict__ b) { return *a + *b; } int main(void) { ...
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What is the difference between quiet NaN and signaling NaN?

...+ in this answer instead of C because it offers the convenient std::numeric_limits::quiet_NaN and std::numeric_limits::signaling_NaN which I could not find in C conveniently. I could not however find a function to classify if a NaN is sNaN or qNaN, so let's just print out the NaN raw bytes: main.c...
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How to get the parent dir location

...bspath doesn't validate anything, so if we're already appending strings to __file__ there's no need to bother with dirname or joining or any of that. Just treat __file__ as a directory and start climbing: # climb to __file__'s parent's parent: os.path.abspath(__file__ + "/../../") That's far less...
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How do I read any request header in PHP

...instead of all headers, the quickest method is: <?php // Replace XXXXXX_XXXX with the name of the header you need in UPPERCASE (and with '-' replaced by '_') $headerStringValue = $_SERVER['HTTP_XXXXXX_XXXX']; ELSE IF: you run PHP as an Apache module or, as of PHP 5.4, using FastCGI (simple me...
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What is the fastest/most efficient way to find the highest set bit (msb) in an integer in C?

... GCC has: -- Built-in Function: int __builtin_clz (unsigned int x) Returns the number of leading 0-bits in X, starting at the most significant bit position. If X is 0, the result is undefined. -- Built-in Function: int __builtin_clzl (unsigned long...
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In Python, how do I indicate I'm overriding a method?

...an think of a better solution please post it here! def overrides(interface_class): def overrider(method): assert(method.__name__ in dir(interface_class)) return method return overrider It works as follows: class MySuperInterface(object): def my_method(self): p...
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Why doesn't Python have a sign function?

...y removed and replaced by sign! Have you never implemented a class with a __cmp__ method? Have you never called cmp and specified a custom comparator function? In summary, I've found myself wanting a sign function too, but copysign with the first argument being 1 will work just fine. I disagree ...