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Why can't R's ifelse statements return vectors?
...tors, you will get longer results:
> ifelse(c(TRUE, FALSE), c(1, 2), c(3, 4))
[1] 1 4
So ifelse is intended for the specific purpose of testing a vector of booleans and returning a vector of the same length, filled with elements taken from the (vector) yes and no arguments.
It is a common con...
std::next_permutation Implementation Explanation
...
Let's look at some permutations:
1 2 3 4
1 2 4 3
1 3 2 4
1 3 4 2
1 4 2 3
1 4 3 2
2 1 3 4
...
How do we go from one permutation to the next? Firstly, let's look at things a little differently. We can view the elements as digits and the permutations as numbers. ...
Python assigning multiple variables to same value? list behavior
...es are naming the same object, use the is operator:
>>> a=b=c=[0,3,5]
>>> a is b
True
You then ask:
what is different from this?
d=e=f=3
e=4
print('f:',f)
print('e:',e)
Here, you're rebinding the name e to the value 4. That doesn't affect the names d and f in any way.
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Flatten an Array of Arrays in Swift
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Swift >= 3.0
reduce:
let numbers = [[1,2,3],[4],[5,6,7,8,9]]
let reduced = numbers.reduce([], +)
flatMap:
let numbers = [[1,2,3],[4],[5,6,7,8,9]]
let flattened = numbers.flatMap { $0 }
joined:
let numbers = [[1,2,3],[4],[5,6,7...
What is the best regular expression to check if a string is a valid URL?
... wrote my URL (actually IRI, internationalized) pattern to comply with RFC 3987 (http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc3987.html). These are in PCRE syntax.
For absolute IRIs (internationalized):
/^[a-z](?:[-a-z0-9\+\.])*:(?:\/\/(?:(?:%[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]|[-a-z0-9\._~\x{A0}-\x{D7FF}\x{F900}-\x{FDCF}\x{FDF0}-\x...
Pass a data.frame column name to a function
... just use the column name directly:
df <- data.frame(A=1:10, B=2:11, C=3:12)
fun1 <- function(x, column){
max(x[,column])
}
fun1(df, "B")
fun1(df, c("B","A"))
There's no need to use substitute, eval, etc.
You can even pass the desired function as a parameter:
fun1 <- function(x, colu...
How is a CRC32 checksum calculated?
Maybe I'm just not seeing it, but CRC32 seems either needlessly complicated, or insufficiently explained anywhere I could find on the web.
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How to randomize (or permute) a dataframe rowwise and columnwise?
...
234
Given the R data.frame:
> df1
a b c
1 1 1 0
2 1 0 0
3 0 1 0
4 0 0 0
Shuffle row-wise:
...
How to index into a dictionary?
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Dictionaries are unordered in Python versions up to and including Python 3.6. If you do not care about the order of the entries and want to access the keys or values by index anyway, you can use d.keys()[i] and d.values()[i] or d.items()[i]. (Note that these methods create a list of all keys, va...
Specifying rails version to use when creating a new application
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edited Sep 20 '11 at 16:23
Paweł Gościcki
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ans...