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Creating a singleton in Python

...mple implementation: class Singleton(type): _instances = {} def __call__(cls, *args, **kwargs): if cls not in cls._instances: cls._instances[cls] = super(Singleton, cls).__call__(*args, **kwargs) return cls._instances[cls] class Logger(object): __meta...
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Reload .profile in bash shell script (in unix)?

... By clicking “Post Your Answer”, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy ...
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MVC Vs n-tier architecture

...n over the network, and maybe the app server also calls out to some remote services (say Authorize.net for payment processing). MVC is a programming design pattern where different portions of code are responsible for representing the Model, View, and controller in some application. These two things...
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What is the common header format of Python files?

... Its all metadata for the Foobar module. The first one is the docstring of the module, that is already explained in Peter's answer. How do I organize my modules (source files)? (Archive) The first line of each file shoud be #!/us...
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How to “perfectly” override a dict?

...or other builtins) directly. It often makes no sense, because what you actually want to do is implement the interface of a dict. And that is exactly what ABCs are for. share | improve this answer ...
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Hibernate lazy-load application design

...erInViewFilter if you're building a web application. If you're building a service, I would open the TX on the public method of the service, rather than on the DAOs, as very often a method requires to get or update several entities. This will solve any "Lazy Load exception". If you need something m...
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In what cases will HTTP_REFERER be empty

...vanced > Network, and uncheck "Send referrer information" Spoofing web service: http://referer.us/ Standalone filtering proxy (spoof any header): Privoxy Spoofing http_referer when using wget ‘--referer=url’ Spoofing http_referer when using curl -e, --referer Spoofing http_referer ...
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Vagrant reverse port forwarding?

I'm working on a web services architecture. I've got some software that I need to run on the native host machine, not in Vagrant. But I'd like to run some client services on the guest. ...
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Get exception description and stack trace which caused an exception, all as a string

... See the traceback module, specifically the format_exc() function. Here. import traceback try: raise ValueError except ValueError: tb = traceback.format_exc() else: tb = "No error" finally: print tb ...
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Python - Get path of root project structure

...to prevent directories with a common name, such as string, from unintentionally hiding valid modules that occur later on the module search path. In the simplest case, __init__.py can just be an empty file, but it can also execute initialization code for the package or set the __all__ variable, descr...