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Difference between __getattr__ vs __getattribute__

I am trying to understand when to use __getattr__ or __getattribute__ . The documentation mentions __getattribute__ applies to new-style classes. What are new-style classes? ...
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Can someone explain __all__ in Python?

I have been using Python more and more, and I keep seeing the variable __all__ set in different __init__.py files. Can someone explain what this does? ...
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Overloading Macro on Number of Arguments

... Simple as: #define GET_MACRO(_1,_2,_3,NAME,...) NAME #define FOO(...) GET_MACRO(__VA_ARGS__, FOO3, FOO2)(__VA_ARGS__) So if you have these macros: FOO(World, !) # expands to FOO2(World, !) FOO(foo,bar,baz) # expands to FOO3(foo,bar...
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Elegant ways to support equivalence (“equality”) in Python classes

... and != operators. In Python, this is made possible by implementing the __eq__ and __ne__ special methods, respectively. The easiest way I've found to do this is the following method: ...
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What is the most efficient/elegant way to parse a flat table into a tree?

...e Pitfalls of Database Programming. CREATE TABLE ClosureTable ( ancestor_id INT NOT NULL REFERENCES FlatTable(id), descendant_id INT NOT NULL REFERENCES FlatTable(id), PRIMARY KEY (ancestor_id, descendant_id) ); Store all paths in the Closure Table, where there is a direct ancestry from o...
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Getting attributes of a class

...gt;> inspect.getmembers(MyClass, lambda a:not(inspect.isroutine(a))) [('__class__', type), ('__dict__', <dictproxy {'__dict__': <attribute '__dict__' of 'MyClass' objects>, '__doc__': None, '__module__': '__main__', '__weakref__': <attribute '__weakref__' of 'MyClass' obje...
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What is the difference between __init__ and __call__?

I want to know the difference between __init__ and __call__ methods. 13 Answers ...
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In Python, how do I determine if an object is iterable?

...'ve lately started to get more and more annoyed by objects which only have __getitem__ being considered iterable. There are valid reasons to have __getitem__ in a non-iterable object and with them the above code doesn't work well. As a real life example we can use Faker. The above code reports it be...
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What does if __name__ == “__main__”: do?

Given the following code, what does the if __name__ == "__main__": do? 33 Answers 33...
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How do I implement __getattribute__ without an infinite recursion error?

...n a class, but return all others normally. How do I accomplish this with __getattribute__ ? 6 Answers ...