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Python nested functions variable scoping [duplicate]

...When I run your code I get this error: UnboundLocalError: local variable '_total' referenced before assignment This problem is caused by this line: _total += PRICE_RANGES[key][0] The documentation about Scopes and Namespaces says this: A special quirk of Python is that – if no global st...
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How do I get the number of elements in a list?

...objects with a "size" in Python, in particular, have an attribute called ob_size, where the number of elements in the object is cached. So checking the number of objects in a list is very fast. But if you're checking if list size is zero or not, don't use len - instead, put the list in a boolean co...
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__FILE__, __LINE__, and __FUNCTION__ usage in C++

...r C++ compiler supports them, is there any particular reason not to use __FILE__ , __LINE__ and __FUNCTION__ for logging and debugging purposes? ...
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Pythonic way to find maximum value and its index in a list?

...many options, for example: import operator index, value = max(enumerate(my_list), key=operator.itemgetter(1)) share | improve this answer | follow | ...
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Is .NET/Mono or Java the better choice for cross-platform development? [closed]

...h platforms (as are other .NET languages like Nemerle, Boo, and Phalanger (PHP) ). Mono ships with a lot of the actual Microsoft written code including the Dynamic Language Runtime (DLR), Managed Extensibility Framework (MEF), F#, and ASP.NET MVC. Because Razor is not Open Source, Mono currently sh...
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Explaining Python's '__enter__' and '__exit__'

... Using these magic methods (__enter__, __exit__) allows you to implement objects which can be used easily with the with statement. The idea is that it makes it easy to build code which needs some 'cleandown' code executed (think of it as a try-finally...
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Python __call__ special method practical example

I know that __call__ method in a class is triggered when the instance of a class is called. However, I have no idea when I can use this special method, because one can simply create a new method and perform the same operation done in __call__ method and instead of calling the instance, you can c...
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How to rename items in values() in Django?

... could use the extra method: MyModel.objects.extra( select={ 'renamed_value': 'cryptic_value_name' } ).values( 'renamed_value' ) This basically does SELECT cryptic_value_name AS renamed_value in the SQL. Another option, if you always want the renamed version but the db has the cryptic nam...
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Using property() on classmethods

...te the property on the metaclass. >>> class foo(object): ... _var = 5 ... class __metaclass__(type): # Python 2 syntax for metaclasses ... pass ... @classmethod ... def getvar(cls): ... return cls._var ... @classmethod ... def setvar(cls, value): .....
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How to get POSTed JSON in Flask?

...of all, the .json attribute is a property that delegates to the request.get_json() method, which documents why you see None here. You need to set the request content type to application/json for the .json property and .get_json() method (with no arguments) to work as either will produce None other...