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List all the modules that are part of a python package?
...
import email
package = email
for importer, modname, ispkg in pkgutil.iter_modules(package.__path__):
print "Found submodule %s (is a package: %s)" % (modname, ispkg)
How to import them too? You can just use __import__ as normal:
import pkgutil
# this is the package we are inspecting -- for...
Instance attribute attribute_name defined outside __init__
.... We expect to find all the attributes an instance may have by reading its __init__ method.
You may still want to split initialization into other methods though. In such case, you can simply assign attributes to None (with a bit of documentation) in the __init__ then call the sub-initialization met...
Why aren't python nested functions called closures?
...variable from an enclosing scope that has finished its execution.
def make_printer(msg):
def printer():
print msg
return printer
printer = make_printer('Foo!')
printer()
When make_printer is called, a new frame is put on the stack with the compiled code for the printer function a...
What is __declspec and when do I need to use it?
I have seen instances of __declspec in the code that I am reading. What is it? And when would I need to use this construct?
...
TypeError: module.__init__() takes at most 2 arguments (3 given)
...ample.responses import Response
class GeoJsonResponse(Response):
def __init__(self, geo_json_data):
Looks fine. No problems until you try to debug the thing, which is when you get a bunch of seemingly vague error messages like this:
from pyexample.responses import GeoJsonResponse
..\py...
Understanding __get__ and __set__ and Python descriptors
... how Python's property type is implemented. A descriptor simply implements __get__, __set__, etc. and is then added to another class in its definition (as you did above with the Temperature class). For example:
temp=Temperature()
temp.celsius #calls celsius.__get__
Accessing the property you assi...
Finding what methods a Python object has
...this code, replacing 'object' with the object you're interested in:
object_methods = [method_name for method_name in dir(object)
if callable(getattr(object, method_name))]
I discovered it at diveintopython.net (Now archived). Hopefully, that should provide some further detail!
...
What is the purpose of the -m switch?
...s this only works on the subset of modules that are executable i.e. have a __main__.py file. Most don't and will break e.g. python -m sys 'print(sys.version)' fails with python: No code object available for sys. Suggest you make that clear in the answer.
– smci
...
Difference between __getattr__ vs __getattribute__
I am trying to understand when to use __getattr__ or __getattribute__ . The documentation mentions __getattribute__ applies to new-style classes. What are new-style classes?
...
Execution of Python code with -m option or not
....bar as the starting point.
Demo:
$ mkdir -p test/foo/bar
$ touch test/foo/__init__.py
$ touch test/foo/bar/__init__.py
$ cat << EOF > test/foo/bar/baz.py
> if __name__ == "__main__":
> print __package__
> print __name__
>
> EOF
$ PYTHONPATH=test python test/foo/bar...