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What is the difference between public, protected, package-private and private in Java?
...ess modifiers, namely the default (package private), public , protected and private , while making class and interface and dealing with inheritance?
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Calling parent class __init__ with multiple inheritance, what's the right way?
...asses.
In the direct call approach, C.__init__ can call both A.__init__ and B.__init__.
When using super(), the classes need to be designed for cooperative multiple inheritance where C calls super, which invokes A's code which will also call super which invokes B's code. See http://rhettinger.w...
Why does the C preprocessor interpret the word “linux” as the constant “1”?
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In the Old Days (pre-ANSI), predefining symbols such as unix and vax was a way to allow code to detect at compile time what system it was being compiled for. There was no official language standard back then (beyond the reference material at the back of the first edition of K&R), a...
Difference between __getattr__ vs __getattribute__
I am trying to understand when to use __getattr__ or __getattribute__ . The documentation mentions __getattribute__ applies to new-style classes. What are new-style classes?
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In Python, how do I determine if an object is iterable?
... in our code as well for this purpose, but I've lately started to get more and more annoyed by objects which only have __getitem__ being considered iterable. There are valid reasons to have __getitem__ in a non-iterable object and with them the above code doesn't work well. As a real life example we...
Getting attributes of a class
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Try the inspect module. getmembers and the various tests should be helpful.
EDIT:
For example,
class MyClass(object):
a = '12'
b = '34'
def myfunc(self):
return self.a
>>> import inspect
>>> inspect.getmembers(MyClass,...
What are metaclasses in Python?
In Python, what are metaclasses and what do we use them for?
22 Answers
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Explaining Python's '__enter__' and '__exit__'
...nt.
The idea is that it makes it easy to build code which needs some 'cleandown' code executed (think of it as a try-finally block). Some more explanation here.
A useful example could be a database connection object (which then automagically closes the connection once the corresponding 'with'-sta...
What does 'super' do in Python?
...tends yours. If somebody later wanted to write a class that extended Child and a mixin, their code would not work properly.
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Difference between __str__ and __repr__?
What is the difference between __str__ and __repr__ in Python?
23 Answers
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