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How do I base64 encode (decode) in C?
... *output_length = 4 * ((input_length + 2) / 3);
char *encoded_data = malloc(*output_length);
if (encoded_data == NULL) return NULL;
for (int i = 0, j = 0; i < input_length;) {
uint32_t octet_a = i < input_length ? (unsigned char)data[i++] : 0;
uint32_t octet_b = ...
Relative imports in Python 3
...ython3.
The simplest fix for this case, assuming the name mymodule is globally unique, would be to avoid using relative imports, and just use...
from mymodule import as_int
...although, if it's not unique, or your package structure is more complex, you'll need to include the directory containing...
Is False == 0 and True == 1 an implementation detail or is it guaranteed by the language?
.....] Boolean values behave like the values 0 and 1, respectively, in almost all contexts, the exception being that when converted to a string, the strings "False" or "True" are returned, respectively.
There is also, for Python 2:
In numeric contexts (for example when used as the argument to an ...
BaseException.message deprecated in Python 2.6
...of the exception hierarchy.
Provides an 'args' attribute that contains all arguments passed
to the constructor. Suggested practice, though, is that only a
single string argument be passed to the constructor."""
__str__ and __repr__ are already implemented in a meaningful way,
especiall...
The tilde operator in Python
...a unary operator (taking a single argument) that is borrowed from C, where all data types are just different ways of interpreting bytes. It is the "invert" or "complement" operation, in which all the bits of the input data are reversed.
In Python, for integers, the bits of the twos-complement repr...
What's the difference between and
...pect.
There are a few cases with generics where extends Object is not actually redundant. For example, <T extends Object & Foo> will cause T to become Object under erasure, whereas with <T extends Foo> it will become Foo under erasure. (This can matter if you're trying to retain com...
C# generic list how to get the type of T? [duplicate]
...nswer is the approach I use for this, but for simplicity (and a friendlier API?) you can define a property in the collection base class if you have one such as:
public abstract class CollectionBase<T> : IList<T>
{
...
public Type ElementType
{
get
{
return...
Why aren't superclass __init__ methods automatically invoked?
...thon designers decide that subclasses' __init__() methods don't automatically call the __init__() methods of their superclasses, as in some other languages? Is the Pythonic and recommended idiom really like the following?
...
What are the differences between the urllib, urllib2, urllib3 and requests module?
... @PaulBiggar you say this is the best answer. But it does not really answer the question. I came here to find out about differences between urllib and urllib2. Especially about url encoding features. The answer: use requests! ;) Just saying you might want to clarify the question. As it st...
Why do people use __(double underscore) so much in C++
...specific, and are slightly more detailed than some others have suggested.
All identifiers that contain a double underscore or start with an underscore followed by an uppercase letter are reserved for the use of the implementation at all scopes, i.e. they might be used for macros.
In addition, all ...