...AMD documents it and compilers don't expose it.) (Yes, these instructions all run on the same execution unit). This dependency doesn't just hold up the 4 popcnts from a single loop iteration. It can carry across loop iterations making it impossible for the processor to parallelize different loop...

...ccurate, but perhaps too terse. I will try to add some examples. First of all, the word "proxy" describes someone or something acting on behalf of someone else. In the computer realm, we are talking about one server acting on the behalf of another computer. For the purposes of accessibility, I wi...

I have scripts calling other script files but I need to get the filepath of the file that is currently running within the process. ...

... list, you can read its items one by one. Reading its items one by one is called iteration: >>> mylist = [1, 2, 3] >>> for i in mylist: ... print(i) 1 2 3 mylist is an iterable. When you use a list comprehension, you create a list, and so an iterable: >>> mylist = [...

...o this already): Cleanly exiting a function Often in a function, you may allocate resources and need to exit in multiple places. Programmers can simplify their code by putting the resource cleanup code at the end of the function, and all "exit points" of the function would goto the cleanup label....

...e that is meant to look like a configuration file. An attacker will eventually figure out what's going on, or stumble across it. Security provided by encryption that is trivial to break, (think caesar cipher!). Security provided by encryption that can be broken with some effort. Security provided b...

...a __nonzero__ special method (as do numeric built-ins, int and float), it calls this method. It must either return a bool value which is then directly used, or an int value that is considered False if equal to zero. Otherwise, if the object has a __len__ special method (as do container built-ins, li...

... If you want all the ancestors rather than just the immediate ones, use inspect.getmro: import inspect print inspect.getmro(cls) Usefully, this gives you all ancestor classes in the "method resolution order" -- i.e. the order in which ...

...ry generator is an iterator, but not vice versa. A generator is built by calling a function that has one or more yield expressions (yield statements, in Python 2.5 and earlier), and is an object that meets the previous paragraph's definition of an iterator. You may want to use a custom iterator, ra...

...ome on-board RAM. Note: bcrypt is an algorithm that uses Blowfish internally. It is not an encryption algorithm itself. It is used to irreversibly obscure passwords, just as hash functions are used to do a "one-way hash". Cryptographic hash algorithms are designed to be impossible to reverse. In...