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How to make graphics with transparent background in R using ggplot2?
...
Updated with the theme() function, ggsave() and the code for the legend background:
df <- data.frame(y = d, x = 1, group = rep(c("gr1", "gr2"), 50))
p <- ggplot(df) +
stat_boxplot(aes(x = x, y = y, color = group),
fill = "transparent" # for the...
Listening for variable changes in JavaScript
... is an old thread but now this effect is possible using accessors (getters and setters): https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Working_with_Objects#Defining_getters_and_setters
You can define an object like this, in which aInternal represents the field a:
x = {
aInternal:...
What does the thread_local mean in C++11?
I am confused with the description of thread_local in C++11. My understanding is, each thread has unique copy of local variables in a function. The global/static variables can be accessed by all the threads (possibly synchronized access using locks). And the thread_local variables are visible to...
Jenkins on OS X: xcodebuild gives Code Sign error
...can do that interactively (safer) or by specifying the password on the command line (unsafe), e.g.:
security unlock-keychain -p mySecretPassword...
Obviously, putting this into a script compromises the security of that keychain, so often people setup an individual keychain with only the signing c...
Get JSF managed bean by name in any Servlet related class
...
In a servlet based artifact, such as @WebServlet, @WebFilter and @WebListener, you can grab a "plain vanilla" JSF @ManagedBean @RequestScoped by:
Bean bean = (Bean) request.getAttribute("beanName");
and @ManagedBean @SessionScoped by:
Bean bean = (Bean) request.getSession().getAttribu...
Does C have a “foreach” loop construct?
... \
for(T * item = list->head; item != NULL; item = item->next)
And can be used like
for_each_item(i, processes) {
i->wakeup();
}
Iteration over an array is also possible:
#define foreach(item, array) \
for(int keep = 1, \
count = 0,\
size = sizeof (...
Match multiline text using regular expression
... assumption.
Pattern.MULTILINE or (?m) tells Java to accept the anchors ^ and $ to match at the start and end of each line (otherwise they only match at the start/end of the entire string).
Pattern.DOTALL or (?s) tells Java to allow the dot to match newline characters, too.
Second, in your case, ...
What are free monads?
I've seen the term Free Monad pop up every now and then for some time, but everyone just seems to use/discuss them without giving an explanation of what they are. So: what are free monads? (I'd say I'm familiar with monads and the Haskell basics, but have only a very rough knowledge of cat...
Difference between two lists
...Using Except is exactly the right way to go. If your type overrides Equals and GetHashCode, or you're only interested in reference type equality (i.e. two references are only "equal" if they refer to the exact same object), you can just use:
var list3 = list1.Except(list2).ToList();
If you need t...
Using Vim's tabs like buffers
...nto 1 tab == 1 buffer is an exercise in futility. Vim doesn't know or care and it will not respect it on all commands—in particular, anything that uses the quickfix buffer (:make, :grep, and :helpgrep are the ones that spring to mind) will happily ignore tabs and there's nothing you can do to stop...