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Standard way to embed version into python package?
...Not directly an answer to your question, but you should consider naming it __version__, not version.
This is almost a quasi-standard. Many modules in the standard library use __version__, and this is also used in lots of 3rd-party modules, so it's the quasi-standard.
Usually, __version__ is a stri...
Why does += behave unexpectedly on lists?
...
The general answer is that += tries to call the __iadd__ special method, and if that isn't available it tries to use __add__ instead. So the issue is with the difference between these special methods.
The __iadd__ special method is for an in-place addition, that is it mut...
How do I check OS with a preprocessor directive?
...ecks. Here are a few of them, with links to where they're found:
Windows
_WIN32 Both 32 bit and 64 bit
_WIN64 64 bit only
Unix (Linux, *BSD, Mac OS X)
See this related question on some of the pitfalls of using this check.
unix
__unix
__unix__
Mac OS X
__APPLE__
__MACH__
Both are de...
What is the meaning of single and double underscore before an object name?
...owever, nothing special is done with the name itself.
To quote PEP-8:
_single_leading_underscore: weak "internal use" indicator. E.g. from M import * does not import objects whose name starts with an underscore.
Double Underscore (Name Mangling)
From the Python docs:
Any identifier of th...
Adding a Method to an Existing Object Instance
...ion foo at 0x00A98D70>
>>> a.bar
<bound method A.bar of <__main__.A instance at 0x00A9BC88>>
>>>
Bound methods have been "bound" (how descriptive) to an instance, and that instance will be passed as the first argument whenever the method is called.
Callables that ar...
Using logging in multiple modules
...ave a logger defined like this:
import logging
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
near the top of the module, and then in other code in the module do e.g.
logger.debug('My message with %s', 'variable data')
If you need to subdivide logging activity inside a module, use e.g.
loggerA = loggin...
python NameError: global name '__file__' is not defined
...
This error comes when you append this line os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__)) in python interactive shell.
Python Shell doesn't detect current file path in __file__ and it's related to your filepath in which you added this line
So you should write this line os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__...
What are some (concrete) use-cases for metaclasses?
...ate methods, than to do something like:
class PlottingInteractive:
add_slice = wrap_pylab_newplot(add_slice)
This method doesn't keep up with API changes and so on, but one that iterates over the class attributes in __init__ before re-setting the class attributes is more efficient and keeps t...
What does __FILE__ mean in Ruby?
...
It is a reference to the current file name. In the file foo.rb, __FILE__ would be interpreted as "foo.rb".
Edit: Ruby 1.9.2 and 1.9.3 appear to behave a little differently from what Luke Bayes said in his comment. With these files:
# test.rb
puts __FILE__
require './dir2/test.rb'
# di...
Catching an exception while using a Python 'with' statement
...
from __future__ import with_statement
try:
with open( "a.txt" ) as f :
print f.readlines()
except EnvironmentError: # parent of IOError, OSError *and* WindowsError where available
print 'oops'
If you want differ...