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What is the fastest way to get the value of π?
I'm looking for the fastest way to obtain the value of π, as a personal challenge. More specifically, I'm using ways that don't involve using #define constants like M_PI , or hard-coding the number in.
...
Solving “Who owns the Zebra” programmatically?
...ution in Python based on constraint-programming:
from constraint import AllDifferentConstraint, InSetConstraint, Problem
# variables
colors = "blue red green white yellow".split()
nationalities = "Norwegian German Dane Swede English".split()
pets = "birds dog cats horse zebra".sp...
Remove all occurrences of a value from a list?
...on over the filter+lambda; the former is more readable in addition to generally more efficient.
– habnabit
Jul 21 '09 at 4:28
17
...
Transpose/Unzip Function (inverse of zip)?
...'d', 4)])
[('a', 'b', 'c', 'd'), (1, 2, 3, 4)]
The way this works is by calling zip with the arguments:
zip(('a', 1), ('b', 2), ('c', 3), ('d', 4))
… except the arguments are passed to zip directly (after being converted to a tuple), so there's no need to worry about the number of arguments g...
Determine if 2 lists have the same elements, regardless of order? [duplicate]
... helper function. Note that it will be quite slow (O(n²)) and should generally not be used outside of the esoteric case of unhashable and unsortable elements.
def equal_ignore_order(a, b):
""" Use only when elements are neither hashable nor sortable! """
unmatched = list(b)
for element...
JavaScript pattern for multiple constructors
...mber and types of parameters you pass to it, you'll have to sniff them manually. JavaScript will happily call a function with more or fewer than the declared number of arguments.
function foo(a, b) {
if (b===undefined) // parameter was omitted in call
b= 'some default value';
if (t...
String concatenation: concat() vs “+” operator
...then throwing it away when you create the final String. In practice memory allocation is surprisingly fast.
Update: As Pawel Adamski notes, performance has changed in more recent HotSpot. javac still produces exactly the same code, but the bytecode compiler cheats. Simple testing entirely fails bec...
What is the difference between class and instance attributes?
...just look in each instance's __dict__ and the class's __dict__. It just usually doesn't matter very much whether immutable types are shared or not.
– abarnert
Oct 29 '14 at 22:58
1...
How do I base64 encode (decode) in C?
... *output_length = 4 * ((input_length + 2) / 3);
char *encoded_data = malloc(*output_length);
if (encoded_data == NULL) return NULL;
for (int i = 0, j = 0; i < input_length;) {
uint32_t octet_a = i < input_length ? (unsigned char)data[i++] : 0;
uint32_t octet_b = ...
What does the restrict keyword mean in C++?
...
A restrict-qualified pointer (or reference)...
! ...is basically a
promise to the compiler that for the
scope of the pointer, the target of the pointer will only
be accessed through that pointer (and pointers copied
from it).
In C++ compilers that support it i...
