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List attributes of an object

...ict__ Then you can test what type is with type() or if is a method with callable(). share | improve this answer | follow | ...
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How do exceptions work (behind the scenes) in c++

... Instead of guessing, I decided to actually look at the generated code with a small piece of C++ code and a somewhat old Linux install. class MyException { public: MyException() { } ~MyException() { } }; void my_throwing_function(bool throwit) { if (...
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Why do we use __init__ in Python classes?

...Spot is a bit of a cripple and is mostly yellow. The __init__ function is called a constructor, or initializer, and is automatically called when you create a new instance of a class. Within that function, the newly created object is assigned to the parameter self. The notation self.legs is an attrib...
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Creating a singleton in Python

...mple implementation: class Singleton(type): _instances = {} def __call__(cls, *args, **kwargs): if cls not in cls._instances: cls._instances[cls] = super(Singleton, cls).__call__(*args, **kwargs) return cls._instances[cls] class Logger(object): __meta...
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Optional Parameters with C++ Macros

...ello, World!", 18, bold); return 0; } This makes it easier for the caller of the macro, but not the writer. share | improve this answer | follow | ...
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Naming convention - underscore in C++ and C# variables

... in a class field. What does the underscore mean? Is there a reference for all these special naming conventions? 19 Answers...
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Detect & Record Audio in Python

... Great example! Really useful when I tried to wrap my head around how to record voice using Python. One quick question I had is whether there is a way to define the time period of the recording. Now it records a word? Can I play with it and ha...
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What does the “yield” keyword do?

... list, you can read its items one by one. Reading its items one by one is called iteration: >>> mylist = [1, 2, 3] >>> for i in mylist: ... print(i) 1 2 3 mylist is an iterable. When you use a list comprehension, you create a list, and so an iterable: >>> mylist = [...
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How does JavaScript .prototype work?

...ing languages but I've written my fair share of JavaScript code. I never really got my head around this prototype-based programming, does any one know how this works? ...
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Can modules have properties the same way that objects can?

...s? When I put this code in one file x.py and import it from another, then calling x.y results in AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'c', since _M somehow has value None... – Stephan202 May 19 '09 at 1:35 ...