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How to get the original value of an attribute in Rails

... Before rails 5.1 Appending _was to your attribute will give you the previous value. For rails 5.1+ Copied from Lucas Andrade's answer below: https://stackoverflow.com/a/50973808/9359123 Appending _was is deprecated in rails 5.1, now you should ap...
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How do I focus on one spec in jasmine.js?

... its a good tip, but currently it isn't in jasmine. this is allowed by test runners like karma. for more info read on: github.com/pivotal/jasmine/pull/309 – p1100i Aug 12 '14 at 9:08 ...
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Python: fastest way to create a list of n lists

... The probably only way which is marginally faster than d = [[] for x in xrange(n)] is from itertools import repeat d = [[] for i in repeat(None, n)] It does not have to create a new int object in every iteration and is about 15 % faster on my machine. Edi...
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How do I pass extra arguments to a Python decorator?

... it needs to return another function which is the actual decorator: def my_decorator(param): def actual_decorator(func): print("Decorating function {}, with parameter {}".format(func.__name__, param)) return function_wrapper(func) # assume we defined a wrapper somewhere ret...
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What does character set and collation mean exactly?

...a symbol, the number 0 is the encoding for 'A', and the combination of all four letters and their encodings is a character set. Now, suppose that we want to compare two string values, 'A' and 'B'. The simplest way to do this is to look at the encodings: 0 for 'A' and 1 for 'B'. Be...
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Finding the source code for built-in Python functions?

...out what file a particular module or function is implemented in you can usually print the __file__ attribute. Alternatively, you may use the inspect module, see the section Retrieving Source Code in the documentation of inspect. For built-in classes and methods this is not so straightforward since ...
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Arduino Sketch upload issue - avrdude: stk500_recv(): programmer is not responding

...it works. I figured the packets were some attempt at a hand-shake. So basically, I solved it using Google, patience and futzing around with the board! – hoipolloi Jan 12 '14 at 18:16 ...
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Can Flask have optional URL parameters?

... You can try pip install flask_optional_routes. I created a pip for the functionality you are requesting b/c I needed it as well. The code is located at: github.com/sudouser2010/flask_optional_routes. – sudouser2010 ...
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What are the differences between -std=c++11 and -std=gnu++11?

...oid extensions because I don't recommend doing anything that isn't specifically defined by the Standard... but even then, "violates" is a strange and loaded term, when a lot of these extensions are, to use Standardese, just implementation-defining or specifying things that the Standard is silent on ...
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sqlalchemy unique across multiple columns

... declares those in the table definition, or if using declarative as in the __table_args__: # version1: table definition mytable = Table('mytable', meta, # ... Column('customer_id', Integer, ForeignKey('customers.customer_id')), Column('location_code', Unicode(10)), UniqueConstraint...