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What's the difference between an object initializer and a constructor?

...nstances of one or more other classes. For example see File.Create Method (String) (and its overloads) which creates a FileStream object. – DavidRR Jan 17 '18 at 18:13 add a c...
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Returning binary file from controller in ASP.NET Web API

...t.Http; // using System.Net.Http.Headers; public HttpResponseMessage Post(string version, string environment, string filetype) { var path = @"C:\Temp\test.exe"; HttpResponseMessage result = new HttpResponseMessage(HttpStatusCode.OK); var stream = new FileStream(path, FileMode.Open, ...
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Determine the data types of a data frame's columns

...integer" "logical" "factor" Using str() gets you that information plus extra goodies (such as the levels of your factors and the first few values of each variable): str(my.data) 'data.frame': 5 obs. of 4 variables: $ y : num 1.03 1.599 -0.818 0.872 -2.682 $ x1: int 1 2 3 4 5 $ x2: logi T...
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How to test code dependent on environment variables using JUnit?

...onmentVariablesTest { @Test public void setEnvironmentVariable() { String value = withEnvironmentVariable("name", "value") .execute(() -> System.getenv("name")); assertEquals("value", value); } } For Java 5 to 7 the library System Rules has a JUnit rule called EnvironmentVari...
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Why not abstract fields?

...ised in its constructor (untested code): abstract class Base { final String errMsg; Base(String msg) { errMsg = msg; } abstract String doSomething(); } class Sub extends Base { Sub() { super("Sub message"); } String doSomething() { return e...
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How can a LEFT OUTER JOIN return more records than exist in the left table?

...ually want you can use aggregate functions (if for example you just want a string from the right part you could generate a column that is a comma delimited string of the right side results for that left row. If you are only looking at 1 or 2 columns from the outer join you might consider using a sc...
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How to check if an object is a list or tuple (but not string)?

... In python 2 only (not python 3): assert not isinstance(lst, basestring) Is actually what you want, otherwise you'll miss out on a lot of things which act like lists, but aren't subclasses of list or tuple. share...
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Why Response.Redirect causes System.Threading.ThreadAbortException?

...ew Context) { User User = new User(); if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(model.EmailAddress)) ValidLogin = false; // no email address was entered else User = Db.FirstOrDefault(x => x.EmailAddress == model.EmailAddress); ...
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Hash function that produces short hashes?

Is there a way of encryption that can take a string of any length and produce a sub-10-character hash? I want to produce reasonably unique ID's but based on message contents, rather than randomly. ...
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Use of *args and **kwargs [duplicate]

...med arguments come first in the list. For example: def table_things(titlestring, **kwargs) You can also use both in the same function definition but *args must occur before **kwargs. You can also use the * and ** syntax when calling a function. For example: >>> def print_three_things...