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What happens when a computer program runs?
...
It really depends on the system, but modern OSes with virtual memory tend to load their process images and allocate memory something like this:
+---------+
| stack | function-local variables, return addresses, return values, e...
How can I view the source code for a function?
...a.frame"
x="Raster", y="Extent"
x="Raster", y="matrix"
x="Raster", y="SpatialLines"
x="Raster", y="SpatialPoints"
x="Raster", y="SpatialPolygons"
x="Raster", y="vector"
To see the source code for one of these methods the entire signature must be supplied, e.g.
getMethod("extract" , signature = c(...
What are the differences between git branch, fork, fetch, merge, rebase and clone?
... Subversion and DVCSs like Git is that in Git, when you clone, you are actually copying the entire source repository, including all the history and branches. You now have a new repository on your machine and any commits you make go into that repository. Nobody will see any changes until you push tho...
Functional, Declarative, and Imperative Programming [closed]
...ve expression is the referential transparency (RT) of its sub-expressions. All other attributes are either shared between both types of expressions, or derived from the RT.
A 100% declarative language (i.e. one in which every possible expression is RT) does not (among other RT requirements) allow th...
How do I prevent site scraping? [closed]
...es, these work by extracting data from pages based on patterns in HTML, usually ignoring everything else.
For example: If your website has a search feature, such a scraper might submit a request for a search, and then get all the result links and their titles from the results page HTML, in order t...
How to detect reliably Mac OS X, iOS, Linux, Windows in C preprocessor? [duplicate]
... Apple platform"
#endif
#elif __linux__
// linux
#elif __unix__ // all unices not caught above
// Unix
#elif defined(_POSIX_VERSION)
// POSIX
#else
# error "Unknown compiler"
#endif
The defined macros depend on the compiler that you are going to use.
The _WIN64 #ifdef can be nes...
How to manually create icns files using iconutil?
...following instructions (link):
Use iconutil to Create an icns File Manually
The iconutil command-line tool converts iconset folders to deployment-ready, high-resolution icns files. (You can find complete documentation for this tool by entering man iconutil in Terminal.) Using this tool al...
Why is the order in dictionaries and sets arbitrary?
...der:
>>> {'bar': None, 'foo': None}
{'foo': None, 'bar': None}
All slots except 3 and 4 are empty, looping over the table first lists slot 3, then slot 4, so 'foo' is listed before 'bar'.
bar and baz, however, have hash values that are exactly 8 apart and thus map to the exact same slot...
Determining 32 vs 64 bit in C++
...esentation. I prefer ENVIRONMENT64 / ENVIRONMENT32. Then I find out what all of the major compilers use for determining if it's a 64 bit environment or not and use that to set my variables.
// Check windows
#if _WIN32 || _WIN64
#if _WIN64
#define ENVIRONMENT64
#else
#define ENVIRONMENT32
#endif...
Replacing a 32-bit loop counter with 64-bit introduces crazy performance deviations with _mm_popcnt_
...AMD documents it and compilers don't expose it.)
(Yes, these instructions all run on the same execution unit).
This dependency doesn't just hold up the 4 popcnts from a single loop iteration. It can carry across loop iterations making it impossible for the processor to parallelize different loop...
