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How to import a Python class that is in a directory above?

...odule. When a module or package is contained within another package it is possible to make a relative import within the same top package without having to mention the package name. By using leading dots in the specified module or package after from you can specify how high to traverse up the current...
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What exactly is Python's file.flush() doing?

...t has been "permanently" stored on disk. To do that, you need to call the os.fsync method which ensures all operating system buffers are synchronized with the storage devices they're for, in other words, that method will copy data from the operating system buffers to the disk. Typically you don't ...
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How do I determine file encoding in OS X?

... I was assuming that OSX stored the encoding as meta-data. I understood the file contents were just a cluster of bits and had no inherent encoding. – James A. Rosen Feb 12 '09 at 3:15 ...
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Subprocess changing directory

...change another process's working directory (again, at least on a UNIX-like OS, but as well on Windows), this call will have the subshell change its dir and exit immediately. What you want can be achieved with os.chdir() or with the subprocess named parameter cwd which changes the working directory ...
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What is difference between monolithic and micro kernel?

... kernel can invoke functions directly. Examples of monolithic kernel based OSs: Unix, Linux. In microkernels, the kernel is broken down into separate processes, known as servers. Some of the servers run in kernel space and some run in user-space. All servers are kept separate and run in different a...
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How to terminate a python subprocess launched with shell=True

...ted to all of the child processes of this group. Here's the code: import os import signal import subprocess # The os.setsid() is passed in the argument preexec_fn so # it's run after the fork() and before exec() to run the shell. pro = subprocess.Popen(cmd, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, ...
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Getting the thread ID from a thread

...by your app. So it is not a reliable identifier for threads in some scenarios and you will experience the exception : "An item with the same key has already been added." at line... Give the thread a unique name when you create it. – Forer May 10 '12 at 10:50 ...
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Restoring MySQL database from physical files

Is it possible to restore a MySQL database from the physical database files. I have a directory that has the following file types: ...
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Difference between malloc and calloc?

..., while malloc() leaves the memory uninitialized. For large allocations, most calloc implementations under mainstream OSes will get known-zeroed pages from the OS (e.g. via POSIX mmap(MAP_ANONYMOUS) or Windows VirtualAlloc) so it doesn't need to write them in user-space. This is how normal malloc ...
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Location of my.cnf file on macOS

...ySQL. The problem is, where should my.cnf file be located? I'm using Mac OS X Lion. 30 Answers ...