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Python “raise from” usage
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The difference is that when you use from, the __cause__ attribute is set and the message states that the exception was directly caused by. If you omit the from then no __cause__ is set, but the __context__ attribute may be set as well, and the traceback then shows the co...
Does Python have a string 'contains' substring method?
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Under the hood, Python will use __contains__(self, item), __iter__(self), and __getitem__(self, key) in that order to determine whether an item lies in a given contains. Implement at least one of those methods to make in available to your custom type.
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How to get a reference to current module's attributes in Python
...he way I typically see this done is like this:
import sys
dir(sys.modules[__name__])
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How do I find where an exception was thrown in C++?
...d (Linux).
You can install your own terminate() function by using std::set_terminate(). You should be able to set a breakpoint on your terminate function in gdb. You may be able to generate a stack backtrace from your terminate() function and this backtrace may help in identifying the location of...
Using python's eval() vs. ast.literal_eval()?
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datamap = eval(raw_input('Provide some data here: ')) means that you actually evaluate the code before you deem it to be unsafe or not. It evaluates the code as soon as the function is called. See also the dangers of eval.
ast.literal_eval ra...
How to identify platform/compiler from preprocessor macros?
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For Mac OS:
#ifdef __APPLE__
For MingW on Windows:
#ifdef __MINGW32__
For Linux:
#ifdef __linux__
For other Windows compilers, check this thread and this for several other compilers and architectures.
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os.path.dirname(__file__) returns empty
...get the dirname of the absolute path, use
os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
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What is the most efficient way of finding all the factors of a number in Python?
...om functools import reduce
def factors(n):
return set(reduce(list.__add__,
([i, n//i] for i in range(1, int(n**0.5) + 1) if n % i == 0)))
This will return all of the factors, very quickly, of a number n.
Why square root as the upper limit?
sqrt(x) * sqrt(x) = x. So if t...
Difference between Python's Generators and Iterators
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iterator is a more general concept: any object whose class has a __next__ method (next in Python 2) and an __iter__ method that does return self.
Every generator is an iterator, but not vice versa. A generator is built by calling a function that has one or more yield expressions (yield st...
Ignore python multiple return value
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One common convention is to use a "_" as a variable name for the elements of the tuple you wish to ignore. For instance:
def f():
return 1, 2, 3
_, _, x = f()
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