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How to determine a Python variable's type?
...
It is so simple. You do it like this.
print(type(variable_name))
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What do all of Scala's symbolic operators mean?
... // Syntactic sugar/composition or common method
<= // Common method
_._ // Typo, though it's probably based on Keyword/composition
:: // Common method
:+= // Common method
The exact meaning of most of these methods depend on the class that is defining them. For example, <= on Int ...
Extract traceback info from an exception object
...n you're using.
In Python 3
It's simple: exceptions come equipped with a __traceback__ attribute that contains the traceback. This attribute is also writable, and can be conveniently set using the with_traceback method of exceptions:
raise Exception("foo occurred").with_traceback(tracebackobj)
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How to overload __init__ method based on argument type?
...to use classmethods. For instance:
>>> class MyData:
... def __init__(self, data):
... "Initialize MyData from a sequence"
... self.data = data
...
... @classmethod
... def fromfilename(cls, filename):
... "Initialize MyData from a file"
... ...
What does $_ mean in PowerShell?
...ich is called $PSItem in Powershell 3 and newer.
1,2,3 | %{ write-host $_ }
or
1,2,3 | %{ write-host $PSItem }
For example in the above code the %{} block is called for every value in the array. The $_ or $PSItem variable will contain the current value.
...
Relative paths in Python
..., you want to do something like this:
import os
dirname = os.path.dirname(__file__)
filename = os.path.join(dirname, 'relative/path/to/file/you/want')
This will give you the absolute path to the file you're looking for. Note that if you're using setuptools, you should probably use its package re...
A python class that acts like dict
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class Mapping(dict):
def __setitem__(self, key, item):
self.__dict__[key] = item
def __getitem__(self, key):
return self.__dict__[key]
def __repr__(self):
return repr(self.__dict__)
def __len__(self):
re...
TypeError: method() takes 1 positional argument but 2 were given
...
In Python, this:
my_object.method("foo")
...is syntactic sugar, which the interpreter translates behind the scenes into:
MyClass.method(my_object, "foo")
...which, as you can see, does indeed have two arguments - it's just that the first o...
How can I create a copy of an object in Python?
... get a copy method (in 2, you'd use a slice to make a copy):
>>> a_list = list('abc')
>>> a_copy_of_a_list = a_list.copy()
>>> a_copy_of_a_list is a_list
False
>>> a_copy_of_a_list == a_list
True
Shallow Copies
Shallow copies are just copies of the outermost cont...
Can a decorator of an instance method access the class?
...decorator, perhaps something like this (warning: untested code).
def class_decorator(cls):
for name, method in cls.__dict__.iteritems():
if hasattr(method, "use_class"):
# do something with the method and class
print name, cls
return cls
def method_decorator(v...