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How can I safely create a nested directory?
What is the most elegant way to check if the directory a file is going to be written to exists, and if not, create the directory using Python? Here is what I tried:
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How to access environment variable values?
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Environment variables are accessed through os.environ
import os
print(os.environ['HOME'])
Or you can see a list of all the environment variables using:
os.environ
As sometimes you might need to see a complete list!
# using get will return `None` if a key is not...
How to write binary data to stdout in python 3?
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import os
os.write(1, a.tostring())
or, os.write(sys.stdout.fileno(), …) if that's more readable than 1 for you.
share
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impro...
How accurate is python's time.sleep()?
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The accuracy of the time.sleep function depends on your underlying OS's sleep accuracy. For non-realtime OS's like a stock Windows the smallest interval you can sleep for is about 10-13ms. I have seen accurate sleeps within several milliseconds of that time when above the minimum 10-13ms.
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How to start a background process in Python?
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Note: This answer is less current than it was when posted in 2009. Using the subprocess module shown in other answers is now recommended in the docs
(Note that the subprocess module provides more powerful facilities for spawning new processes and retrieving their results; ...
How does a debugger work?
...f how a debugger works will depend on what you are debugging, and what the OS is. For native debugging on Windows you can find some details on MSDN: Win32 Debugging API.
The user tells the debugger which process to attach to, either by name or by process ID. If it is a name then the debugger will l...
How to count the number of files in a directory using Python
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os.listdir() will be slightly more efficient than using glob.glob. To test if a filename is an ordinary file (and not a directory or other entity), use os.path.isfile():
import os, os.path
# simple version for working with...
How to use “/” (directory separator) in both Linux and Windows in Python?
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Use os.path.join().
Example: os.path.join(pathfile,"output","log.txt").
In your code that would be: rootTree.write(os.path.join(pathfile,"output","log.txt"))
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How do I copy an entire directory of files into an existing directory using Python?
...standard shutil.copytree seems arbitrary and annoying. Workaround:
import os, shutil
def copytree(src, dst, symlinks=False, ignore=None):
for item in os.listdir(src):
s = os.path.join(src, item)
d = os.path.join(dst, item)
if os.path.isdir(s):
shutil.copytree...
Import multiple csv files into pandas and concatenate into one DataFrame
...like an old fashioned aka manual way of doing things, esp. as the Hapood ecosystem has growing list of tools where you can perform sql queries directly on many different directories containing different file types (csv, json, txt, databases) as if it was one data source. There must be something si...