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Difference between reduce and foldLeft/fold in functional programming (particularly Scala and Scala

...ng to this topic clearly, is that reduce should be given a commutative monoid, i.e. an operation that is both commutative and associative. This means the operation can be parallelized. This distinction is very important for Big Data / MPP / distributed computing, and the entire reason why reduce e...
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Does the C++ standard mandate poor performance for iostreams, or am I just dealing with a poor imple

...se — by using some form of preprocessing, much of the work can be avoided. With a slightly smarter linker than is typically used, it is possible to remove some of these inefficiencies. This is discussed in §6.2.3 and §6.2.5. Since the report was written in 2006 one would hope that ...
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How to convert a number to string and vice versa in C++

... string to numeric float stof(const string& str, size_t *idx = 0); double stod(const string& str, size_t *idx = 0); long double stold(const string& str, size_t *idx = 0); int stoi(const string& str, size_t *idx = 0, int base = 10); long...
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How to limit setAccessible to only “legitimate” uses?

...mpletely at their mercy anyway. They could modify the class definitions inside your .jar (through reverse engineering or direct bytecode manipulation). They could run your code in their own JVM, etc. In this case worrying will do you no good. If you're writing a web-application that only interfaces...
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What are the differences between local branch, local tracking branch, remote branch and remote track

... var channelOptions = { tags: "".split(" "), id: "1" }; initTagRenderer("".split(" "), "".split(" "), channelOptions); StackExchange.using("externalEditor", function() { // Have to fire editor after snippets, if snippets enabled...
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Peak signal detection in realtime timeseries data

...ch that signals do not corrupt the threshold. Future signals are therefore identified with approximately the same accuracy, regardless of the amount of previous signals. The algorithm takes 3 inputs: lag = the lag of the moving window, threshold = the z-score at which the algorithm signals and influ...
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Creating an API for mobile applications - Authentication and Authorization

...itial/primary purpose will be for consumption by mobile apps (iPhone, Android, Symbian, etc). I've been looking into different mechanisms for authentication and authorization for web-based APIs (by studying other implementations). I've got my head wrapped around most of the fundamental concepts bu...
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Why is it common to put CSRF prevention tokens in cookies?

...equests where the CSRF value cannot normally persist in the browser). Consider the following scenarios and processes in a typical application for some pros and cons of each approach you describe. These are based on the Synchronizer Token Pattern. Request Body Approach User successfully logs in. ...
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boost::flat_map and its performance compared to map and unordered_map

...ly and sweeping dozens of variables under the carpet). 1) You need to consider about cache warming Most people running benchmarks are afraid of timer discrepancy, therefore they run their stuff thousands of times and take the whole time, they just are careful to take the same thousand of times for...
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How should a model be structured in MVC? [closed]

... not a class or any single object. It is a very common mistake to make (I did too, though the original answer was written when I began to learn otherwise), because most frameworks perpetuate this misconception. Neither is it an Object-Relational Mapping technique (ORM) nor an abstraction of databas...