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Is there a benefit to defining a class inside another class in Python?

What I'm talking about here are nested classes. Essentially, I have two classes that I'm modeling. A DownloadManager class and a DownloadThread class. The obvious OOP concept here is composition. However, composition doesn't necessarily mean nesting, right? ...
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Use 'import module' or 'from module import'?

...eadability: Any name conflicts will show themselves in (unit) testing. But all the names you use from the imported module will be bare, with nary a hint were they come from. I absolutely loathe "import *". – Jürgen A. Erhard Dec 26 '09 at 19:59 ...
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Cleanest way to get last item from Python iterator

...specific default value could even be correct? If the iterator doesn't actually iterate, then an out-of-band value is more meaningful than some misleading function-specific default. – S.Lott Jan 26 '10 at 11:44 ...
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Determine the line of code that causes a segmentation fault?

...e tutorial to get you started with GDB. Where the segfault occurs is generally only a clue as to where "the mistake which causes" it is in the code. The given location is not necessarily where the problem resides. share ...
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How to rename with prefix/suffix?

...available and you have to rename more than one file, shell scripting can really be short and simple for this. For example, to rename all *.jpg to prefix_*.jpg in the current directory: for filename in *.jpg; do mv "$filename" "prefix_$filename"; done; ...
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Add custom messages in assert?

...rk; they’re compile-time constants and their use in this context is trivially optimized away. There is no runtime cost. – zneak Aug 9 '19 at 8:46 ...
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How to add Google Analytics Tracking ID to GitHub Pages

... I have added them, however Google analytics say the Tracking is not installed. My page as specified in G-Analytics is http://avi-aryan.github.io – Avi Jul 15 '13 at 12:33 1 ...
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Why do we use __init__ in Python classes?

...Spot is a bit of a cripple and is mostly yellow. The __init__ function is called a constructor, or initializer, and is automatically called when you create a new instance of a class. Within that function, the newly created object is assigned to the parameter self. The notation self.legs is an attrib...
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What are “first class” objects?

...as any other object. A first class object is an entity that can be dynamically created, destroyed, passed to a function, returned as a value, and have all the rights as other variables in the programming language have. Depending on the language, this can imply: being expressible as ...
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Convert decimal to binary in python [duplicate]

... all numbers are stored in binary. if you want a textual representation of a given number in binary, use bin(i) >>> bin(10) '0b1010' >>> 0b1010 10 ...