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What does a double * (splat) operator do
... arguments. It returns a Hash with key / value pairs.
For this code:
def foo(a, *b, **c)
[a, b, c]
end
Here's a demo:
> foo 10
=> [10, [], {}]
> foo 10, 20, 30
=> [10, [20, 30], {}]
> foo 10, 20, 30, d: 40, e: 50
=> [10, [20, 30], {:d=>40, :e=>50}]
> foo 10, d: 40, ...
Using boolean values in C
... should generally be avoided. Consider a function defined like this
void foo(bool option) { ... }
Within the body of the function, it is very clear what the argument means since it has a convenient, and hopefully meaningful, name. But, the call sites look like
foo(TRUE);
foo(FALSE):
Here, it...
What's the difference between an element and a node in XML?
...rt of the DOM tree, an Element is a particular type of Node
e.g.
<foo> This is Text </foo>
You have a foo Element, (which is also a Node, as Element inherits from Node) and a Text Node 'This is Text', that is a child of the foo Element/Node
...
What is the best way to implement nested dictionaries?
...f you insist on getting this behavior, here's how to shoot yourself in the foot:
Implement __missing__ on a dict subclass to set and return a new instance.
This approach has been available (and documented) since Python 2.5, and (particularly valuable to me) it pretty prints just like a normal dict, ...
How can I create a copy of an object in Python?
...tainer.
list.copy is a shallow copy:
>>> list_of_dict_of_set = [{'foo': set('abc')}]
>>> lodos_copy = list_of_dict_of_set.copy()
>>> lodos_copy[0]['foo'].pop()
'c'
>>> lodos_copy
[{'foo': {'b', 'a'}}]
>>> list_of_dict_of_set
[{'foo': {'b', 'a'}}]
You don...
Can mustache iterate a top-level array?
...he.render('<ul>{{#.}}<li>{{.}}</li>{{/.}}</ul>', ['foo','bar','baz']);
It also works for things like this...
var obj = [{name: 'foo'}, {name: 'bar'}];
var tmp = '<ul>{{#.}}<li>{{name}}</li>{{/.}}</ul>';
Mustache.render(tmp, obj);
...
What is the meaning of single and double underscore before an object name?
...single leading underscore isn't exactly just a convention: if you use from foobar import *, and module foobar does not define an __all__ list, the names imported from the module do not include those with a leading underscore. Let's say it's mostly a convention, since this case is a pretty obscure co...
What does the exclamation mark mean in a Haskell declaration?
.... Let's look at an example, so that we can see just what this means:
data Foo = Foo Int Int !Int !(Maybe Int)
f = Foo (2+2) (3+3) (4+4) (Just (5+5))
The function f above, when evaluated, will return a "thunk": that is, the code to execute to figure out its value. At that point, a Foo doesn't eve...
How do I parse command line arguments in Bash?
...cluded a simplistic getopts example.
Usage demo-getopts.sh -vf /etc/hosts foo bar
cat >/tmp/demo-getopts.sh <<'EOF'
#!/bin/sh
# A POSIX variable
OPTIND=1 # Reset in case getopts has been used previously in the shell.
# Initialize our own variables:
output_file=""
verbose=0
whil...
Hidden features of Python [closed]
...
Creating generators objects
If you write
x=(n for n in foo if bar(n))
you can get out the generator and assign it to x. Now it means you can do
for n in x:
The advantage of this is that you don't need intermediate storage, which you would need if you did
x = [n for n in foo...