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Default text which won't be shown in drop-down list

...solution worked perfectly fine for me so I made my research in order to avoid any Js and CSS, but just sticking with HTML. Adding a value of selected to the item we want to appear as a header forces it to show in the first place as a placeholder. Something like: <option selected disabled>Cho...
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Any gotchas using unicode_literals in Python 2.6?

...two.name The output of running python one.py is: Traceback (most recent call last): File "one.py", line 5, in <module> print name + two.name UnicodeDecodeError: 'ascii' codec can't decode byte 0xc3 in position 4: ordinal not in range(128) In this example, two.name is an utf-8 encode...
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How to estimate how much memory a Pandas' DataFrame will need?

...n how many bytes each column occupies: >>> df.memory_usage() Row_ID 20906600 Household_ID 20906600 Vehicle 20906600 Calendar_Year 20906600 Model_Year 20906600 ... To include indexes, pass index=True. So to get overall memory consumption: >>> d...
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Get raw POST body in Python Flask regardless of Content-Type header

...est.json, request.form at will. If you access request.data first, it will call get_data with an argument to parse form data first. If the request has a form content type (multipart/form-data, application/x-www-form-urlencoded, or application/x-url-encoded) then the raw data will be consumed. reques...
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How is Python's List Implemented?

...will see that allocated can be greater than size. This is to avoid needing calling realloc each time a new elements is appended to the list. ... Append We append an integer to the list: l.append(1). What happens? We continue by adding one more element: l.append(2). list_resize is ...
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What is the difference between integration and unit tests?

I know the so-called textbook definition of unit tests and integration tests. What I am curious about is when it is time to write unit tests... I will write them to cover as many sets of classes as possible. ...
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What is BSON and exactly how is it different from JSON?

... MongoDB represents JSON documents in binary-encoded format called BSON behind the scenes. BSON extends the JSON model to provide additional data types and to be efficient for encoding and decoding within different languages. ...
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Capture characters from standard input without waiting for enter to be pressed

... functions that you can use to switch off line buffering (I believe that's called "raw mode", as opposed to "cooked mode" - look into man stty). Curses would handle that for you in a portable manner, if I'm not mistaken. sh...
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Python nested functions variable scoping [duplicate]

...ocal, causing it to bind # to the nearest non-global variable also called total. nonlocal total for i in _list: total += i do_the_sum(_list) return total sum_list_items([1, 2, 3]) But what does "nearest" mean? Here is another example: def sum_list_...
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Opposite of %in%: exclude rows with values specified in a vector

...nt to create a subset D2, which excludes some values, say, B, N and T. Basically, I want a command which is the opposite of %in% ...