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NameError: global name 'unicode' is not defined - in Python 3
...
Python 3 renamed the unicode type to str, the old str type has been replaced by bytes.
if isinstance(unicode_or_str, str):
text = unicode_or_str
decoded = False
else:
text = unicode_or_str.decode(encoding)
decoded =...
Reorder levels of a factor without changing order of values
...f <- data.frame(f = 1:4, g = letters[1:4])
df
# f g
# 1 1 a
# 2 2 b
# 3 3 c
# 4 4 d
levels(df$g)
# [1] "a" "b" "c" "d"
df$g <- factor(df$g, levels = letters[4:1])
# levels(df$g)
# [1] "d" "c" "b" "a"
df
# f g
# 1 1 a
# 2 2 b
# 3 3 c
# 4 4 d
...
How to do multiple arguments to map function where one remains the same in python?
...
One option is a list comprehension:
[add(x, 2) for x in [1, 2, 3]]
More options:
a = [1, 2, 3]
import functools
map(functools.partial(add, y=2), a)
import itertools
map(add, a, itertools.repeat(2, len(a)))
...
How do I detect the Python version at runtime? [duplicate]
I have a Python file which might have to support Python versions < 3.x and >= 3.x. Is there a way to introspect the Python runtime to know the version which it is running (for example, 2.6 or 3.2.x )?
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Detect and exclude outliers in Pandas data frame
...ression would do that in one shot.
df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.randn(100, 3))
from scipy import stats
df[(np.abs(stats.zscore(df)) < 3).all(axis=1)]
description:
For each column, first it computes the Z-score of each value in the
column, relative to the column mean and standard deviation.
...
Evenly space multiple views within a container view
...at it worked.
Duh 2: The 'spacer views' could have been transparent.
Duh 3: This approach could be applied horizontally.
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PHP: merge two arrays while keeping keys instead of reindexing?
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You can simply 'add' the arrays:
>> $a = array(1, 2, 3);
array (
0 => 1,
1 => 2,
2 => 3,
)
>> $b = array("a" => 1, "b" => 2, "c" => 3)
array (
'a' => 1,
'b' => 2,
'c' => 3,
)
>> $a + $b
array (
0 => 1,
1 => 2,
2 =&g...
How can I remove 3 characters at the end of a string in php?
How can I remove 3 characters at the end of a string in php? "abcabcabc" would become "abcabc"!
3 Answers
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Clojure: cons (seq) vs. conj (list)
...ments to insert into a collection, while cons takes just one:
(conj '(1 2 3) 4 5 6)
; => (6 5 4 1 2 3)
(cons 4 5 6 '(1 2 3))
; => IllegalArgumentException due to wrong arity
Another difference is in the class of the return value:
(class (conj '(1 2 3) 4))
; => clojure.lang.PersistentLi...