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What are “first class” objects?
...
In short, it means there are no restrictions on the object's use. It's the same as
any other object.
A first class object is an entity that can be dynamically created, destroyed, passed to a function, returned as a value, and have all...
How to implement __iter__(self) for a container object (Python)
I have written a custom container object.
9 Answers
9
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Class method differences in Python: bound, unbound and static
...d method. Because of that, a call to your version of method_two will fail with a TypeError
>>> a_test = Test()
>>> a_test.method_two()
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
TypeError: method_two() takes no arguments (1 given)
You ...
How to print to console in pytest?
I'm trying to use TDD (test-driven development) with pytest .
pytest will not print to the console when I use print .
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How to import classes defined in __init__.py
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'lib/'s parent directory must be in sys.path.
Your 'lib/__init__.py' might look like this:
from . import settings # or just 'import settings' on old Python versions
class Helper(object):
pass
Then the following example should work:
from lib.settings import Values
from lib i...
How to add property to a class dynamically?
... a property to a class dynamically. But that's the catch: you have to add it to the class.
>>> class Foo(object):
... pass
...
>>> foo = Foo()
>>> foo.a = 3
>>> Foo.b = property(lambda self: self.a + 1)
>>> foo.b
4
A property is actually a simple...
What is the purpose of Flask's context stacks?
I've been using the request/application context for some time without fully understanding how it works or why it was designed the way it was. What is the purpose of the "stack" when it comes to the request or application context? Are these two separate stacks, or are they both part of one stack? Is ...
How do I initialize the base (super) class?
... invoke their base class through super(), e.g.
class X(object):
def __init__(self, x):
pass
def doit(self, bar):
pass
class Y(X):
def __init__(self):
super(Y, self).__init__(123)
def doit(self, foo):
return super(Y, self).doit(foo)
Because python knows about old- and ne...
How to make a class JSON serializable
...out the expected output? For example, will this do?
>>> f = FileItem("/foo/bar")
>>> magic(f)
'{"fname": "/foo/bar"}'
In that case you can merely call json.dumps(f.__dict__).
If you want more customized output then you will have to subclass JSONEncoder and implement your own ...
How does the @property decorator work in Python?
.... What confuses me is that property can also be used as a decorator, but it only takes arguments when used as a built-in function and not when used as a decorator.
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