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What is the difference between Python's list methods append and extend?
...
Actually there's a big difference - x + [4, 5] gives you a new list assigned to x - x.extend() mutates the original list. I elaborate in my answer here below.
– Aaron Hall♦
Jul 17 '17 at 1...
Creating a singleton in Python
...mple implementation:
class Singleton(type):
_instances = {}
def __call__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
if cls not in cls._instances:
cls._instances[cls] = super(Singleton, cls).__call__(*args, **kwargs)
return cls._instances[cls]
class Logger(object):
__meta...
What is the difference between a definition and a declaration?
...// extern can be omitted for function declarations
class foo; // no extern allowed for type declarations
A definition actually instantiates/implements this identifier. It's what the linker needs in order to link references to those entities. These are definitions corresponding to the above declara...
super() raises “TypeError: must be type, not classobj” for new-style class
...pe(OldStyle()) is the instance type, which does inherit from object. Basically, an old-style class just creates objects of type instance (whereas a new-style class creates objects whose type is the class itself). This is probably why the instance OldStyle() is an object: its type() inherits from ob...
socket.shutdown vs socket.close
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Here's one explanation:
Once a socket is no longer required,
the calling program can discard the
socket by applying a close subroutine
to the socket descriptor. If a
reliable delivery socket has data
associated with it when a close takes
place, the system continues to attempt
da...
Adding 'serial' to existing column in Postgres
I have a small table (~30 rows) in my Postgres 9.0 database with an integer ID field (the primary key) which currently contains unique sequential integers starting at 1, but which was not created using the 'serial' keyword.
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New self vs. new static
...uated at compile time and must not depend on run-time information.
class Foo {
public $name = static::class;
}
$Foo = new Foo;
echo $Foo->name; // Fatal error
Using self::
class Foo {
public $name = self::class;
}
$Foo = new Foo;
echo $Foo->name; // Foo
Please note that ...
How to get POSTed JSON in Flask?
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First of all, the .json attribute is a property that delegates to the request.get_json() method, which documents why you see None here.
You need to set the request content type to application/json for the .json property and .get_jso...
Python circular importing?
... of it) for the first time, the code inside the module is executed sequentially like any other code; e.g., it is not treated any differently that the body of a function. An import is just a command like any other (assignment, a function call, def, class). Assuming your imports occur at the top of th...
How to redirect and append both stdout and stderr to a file with Bash?
...'send errors to output, append output to this file'. Note while Linux generally has a current version of bash, OS X, at the time of writing, still requires bash 4 to manually installed via homebrew etc.
– mikemaccana
May 20 '13 at 9:30
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