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What is the difference between Python's list methods append and extend?

... Actually there's a big difference - x + [4, 5] gives you a new list assigned to x - x.extend() mutates the original list. I elaborate in my answer here below. – Aaron Hall♦ Jul 17 '17 at 1...
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instantiate a class from a variable in PHP?

...eck them out here (call_user_func_array , call_user_func). example class Foo { static public function test() { print "Hello world!\n"; } } call_user_func('Foo::test');//FOO is the class, test is the method both separated by :: //or call_user_func(array('Foo', 'test'));//alternatively you c...
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How to get POSTed JSON in Flask?

... First of all, the .json attribute is a property that delegates to the request.get_json() method, which documents why you see None here. You need to set the request content type to application/json for the .json property and .get_jso...
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What is the difference between a definition and a declaration?

...// extern can be omitted for function declarations class foo; // no extern allowed for type declarations A definition actually instantiates/implements this identifier. It's what the linker needs in order to link references to those entities. These are definitions corresponding to the above declara...
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Python circular importing?

... of it) for the first time, the code inside the module is executed sequentially like any other code; e.g., it is not treated any differently that the body of a function. An import is just a command like any other (assignment, a function call, def, class). Assuming your imports occur at the top of th...
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New self vs. new static

...uated at compile time and must not depend on run-time information. class Foo { public $name = static::class; } $Foo = new Foo; echo $Foo->name; // Fatal error Using self:: class Foo { public $name = self::class; } $Foo = new Foo; echo $Foo->name; // Foo Please note that ...
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Adding 'serial' to existing column in Postgres

I have a small table (~30 rows) in my Postgres 9.0 database with an integer ID field (the primary key) which currently contains unique sequential integers starting at 1, but which was not created using the 'serial' keyword. ...
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jsonify a SQLAlchemy result set in Flask [duplicate]

... It seems that you actually haven't executed your query. Try following: return jsonify(json_list = qryresult.all()) [Edit]: Problem with jsonify is, that usually the objects cannot be jsonified automatically. Even Python's datetime fails ;) Wha...
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Elegant ways to support equivalence (“equality”) in Python classes

When writing custom classes it is often important to allow equivalence by means of the == and != operators. In Python, this is made possible by implementing the __eq__ and __ne__ special methods, respectively. The easiest way I've found to do this is the following method: ...
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What's the common practice for enums in Python? [duplicate]

...(names.split()): setattr(self, name, number) >>> foo = Enumeration("bar baz quux") >>> foo.quux 2 You can also just use class members, though you'll have to supply your own numbering: >>> class Foo(object): bar = 0 baz = 1 quux...