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What's the difference between a file descriptor and file pointer?

...ther Unix-like systems. You pass "naked" file descriptors to actual Unix calls, such as read(), write() and so on. A FILE pointer is a C standard library-level construct, used to represent a file. The FILE wraps the file descriptor, and adds buffering and other features to make I/O easier. You pa...
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What are the applications of binary trees?

...ningless - they are not a data structure, but a family of data structures, all with different performance characteristics. While it is true that unbalanced binary trees perform much worse than self-balancing binary trees for searching, there are many binary trees (such as binary tries) for which "b...
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Code Golf: Collatz Conjecture

...sp+0x04], 2 jne .usage mov ebx, [esp+0x08] push dword [ebx+0x04] call atoi add esp, 4 cmp eax, 0 je .usage mov ebx, eax push eax push msg .loop: mov [esp+0x04], ebx call printf test ebx, 0x01 jz .even .odd: lea ebx, [1+ebx*2+ebx] jmp .loop .even: shr ebx, 1 ...
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Django Rest Framework: Dynamically return subset of fields

...verride the serializer __init__ method and set the fields attribute dynamically, based on the query params. You can access the request object throughout the context, passed to the serializer. Here is a copy&paste from Django Rest Framework documentation example on the matter: from rest_framew...
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How do you write tests for the argparse portion of a python module? [closed]

...turn parser.parse_args(args) Then in your main function you should just call it with: parser = parse_args(sys.argv[1:]) (where the first element of sys.argv that represents the script name is removed to not send it as an additional switch during CLI operation.) In your tests, you can then call...
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How to sort two lists (which reference each other) in the exact same way

...s problem is to use the "decorate, sort, undecorate" idiom, which is especially simple using python's built-in zip function: >>> list1 = [3,2,4,1, 1] >>> list2 = ['three', 'two', 'four', 'one', 'one2'] >>> list1, list2 = zip(*sorted(zip(list1, list2))) >>> list1 ...
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How to shuffle a std::vector?

...n Coliru Make sure to reuse the same instance of rng throughout multiple calls to std::shuffle if you intend to generate different permutations every time! Moreover, if you want your program to create different sequences of shuffles each time it is run, you can seed the constructor of the random e...
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Comparing strings with == which are declared final in Java

...nal and initialized with a compile-time constant expression (§15.28), is called a constant variable. Also from JLS §15.28 - Constant Expression: Compile-time constant expressions of type String are always "interned" so as to share unique instances, using the method String#intern(). This ...
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Why do I need an IoC container as opposed to straightforward DI code? [closed]

...ain can become nested, and it quickly becomes unwieldy to wire them up manually. Even with factories, the duplication of your code is just not worth it. IoC containers can be complex, yes. But for this simple case I've shown it's incredibly easy. Okay, let's justify this even more. Let's say ...
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Elegant way to invert a map in Scala

... @dev-null I'm sorry, but your example does not fall under the required assumption. – Daniel C. Sobral May 2 '19 at 17:01 ...