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__getattr__ on a module
...
A while ago, Guido declared that all special method lookups on
new-style classes bypass __getattr__ and __getattribute__. Dunder methods had previously worked on modules - you could, for example, use a module as a context manager simply by defining __enter__...
How do I create a constant in Python?
.... This is the closest equivalent to Java's final. However, it does not actually prevent reassignment:
from typing import Final
a: Final = 1
# Executes fine, but mypy will report an error if you run mypy on this:
a = 2
sha...
Does python have an equivalent to Java Class.forName()?
...takes a fully qualified class name and returns the class, however you have all the pieces needed to build that, and you can connect them together.
One bit of advice though: don't try to program in Java style when you're in python.
If you can explain what is it that you're trying to do, maybe we ca...
Is either GET or POST more secure than the other?
...e would be to pass it using Secure HTTP.
GET or query string posts are really good for information required for either bookmarking a particular item, or for assisting in search engine optimization and indexing items.
POST is good for standard forms used to submit one time data. I wouldn't use G...
How do I read any request header in PHP
...
IF: you only need a single header, instead of all headers, the quickest method is:
<?php
// Replace XXXXXX_XXXX with the name of the header you need in UPPERCASE (and with '-' replaced by '_')
$headerStringValue = $_SERVER['HTTP_XXXXXX_XXXX'];
ELSE IF: you run PHP...
How to suppress “unused parameter” warnings in C?
...
I usually write a macro like this:
#define UNUSED(x) (void)(x)
You can use this macro for all your unused parameters. (Note that this works on any compiler.)
For example:
void f(int x) {
UNUSED(x);
...
}
...
How to assign colors to categorical variables in ggplot2 that have stable mapping?
...maintain consistent color schemes across multiple data frames that are not all obtained by subsetting a single large data frame. Managing the factors levels in multiple data frames can become tedious if they are being pulled from separate files and not all factor levels appear in each file.
One way...
Difference between except: and except Exception as e: in Python
... print e.message, e.args
...
>>> catch()
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
File "<stdin>", line 3, in catch
BaseException
Which a bare except does:
>>> def catch():
... try:
... raise BaseException()
... ...
Fastest way to list all primes below N
...4.0 |
| sundaram3 | 416.0 |
+---------------------+-------+
Of all the methods tested, allowing numpy, for n=1000000,
primesfrom2to was the fastest tested.
+---------------------+-------+
| Method | ms |
+---------------------+-------+
| primesfrom2to | 15.9 |
| p...
How do I profile memory usage in Python?
...
This one has been answered already here: Python memory profiler
Basically you do something like that (cited from Guppy-PE):
>>> from guppy import hpy; h=hpy()
>>> h.heap()
Partition of a set of 48477 objects. Total size = 3265516 bytes.
Index Count % Size % Cumulat...
