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Iterate over object attributes in python
... object attributes are callable, such as methods.
>>> dir(obj)
['__class__', '__delattr__', '__dict__', '__doc__', '__format__', '__getattribute__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__module__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subcla...
How do I create a namespace package in Python?
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TL;DR:
On Python 3.3 you don't have to do anything, just don't put any __init__.py in your namespace package directories and it will just work. On pre-3.3, choose the pkgutil.extend_path() solution over the pkg_resources.declare_namespace() one, because it's future-proof and already compatible w...
What is the fastest way to get the value of π?
...ically, I'm using ways that don't involve using #define constants like M_PI , or hard-coding the number in.
22 Answers
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Confused about __str__ on list in Python [duplicate]
Coming from a Java background, I understand that __str__ is something like a Python version of toString (while I do realize that Python is the older language).
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Is module __file__ attribute absolute or relative?
I'm having trouble understanding __file__ . From what I understand, __file__ returns the absolute path from which the module was loaded.
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How do I correctly clean up a Python object?
__del__(self) above fails with an AttributeError exception. I understand Python doesn't guarantee the existence of "global variables" (member data in this context?) when __del__() is invoked. If that is the case and this is the reason for the exception, how do I make sure the object destructs...
Difference between __getattr__ vs __getattribute__
I am trying to understand when to use __getattr__ or __getattribute__ . The documentation mentions __getattribute__ applies to new-style classes. What are new-style classes?
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Difference between except: and except Exception as e: in Python
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['__cause__', '__class__', '__context__', '__delattr__', '__dict__', '__dir__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__init_subclass__', '__le__', '__lt__', '__ne__...
How do I check OS with a preprocessor directive?
...ecks. Here are a few of them, with links to where they're found:
Windows
_WIN32 Both 32 bit and 64 bit
_WIN64 64 bit only
Unix (Linux, *BSD, Mac OS X)
See this related question on some of the pitfalls of using this check.
unix
__unix
__unix__
Mac OS X
__APPLE__
__MACH__
Both are de...
Object of custom type as dictionary key
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You need to add 2 methods, note __hash__ and __eq__:
class MyThing:
def __init__(self,name,location,length):
self.name = name
self.location = location
self.length = length
def __hash__(self):
return hash((self.name...