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How do I create a namespace package in Python?
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TL;DR:
On Python 3.3 you don't have to do anything, just don't put any __init__.py in your namespace package directories and it will just work. On pre-3.3, choose the pkgutil.extend_path() solution over the pkg_resources.declare_namespace() one, because it's future-proof and already compatible w...
Is it possible to make abstract classes in Python?
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# Python 2
from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod
class Abstract:
__metaclass__ = ABCMeta
@abstractmethod
def foo(self):
pass
Whichever way you use, you won't be able to instantiate an abstract class that has abstract methods, but will be able to instantiate a subclass th...
Difference between __getattr__ vs __getattribute__
I am trying to understand when to use __getattr__ or __getattribute__ . The documentation mentions __getattribute__ applies to new-style classes. What are new-style classes?
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How do I correctly clean up a Python object?
__del__(self) above fails with an AttributeError exception. I understand Python doesn't guarantee the existence of "global variables" (member data in this context?) when __del__() is invoked. If that is the case and this is the reason for the exception, how do I make sure the object destructs...
How do I get the full path of the current file's directory?
...3
For the directory of the script being run:
import pathlib
pathlib.Path(__file__).parent.absolute()
For the current working directory:
import pathlib
pathlib.Path().absolute()
Python 2 and 3
For the directory of the script being run:
import os
os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
I...
How do I implement __getattribute__ without an infinite recursion error?
...n a class, but return all others normally. How do I accomplish this with __getattribute__ ?
6 Answers
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How to retrieve a module's path?
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import a_module
print(a_module.__file__)
Will actually give you the path to the .pyc file that was loaded, at least on Mac OS X. So I guess you can do:
import os
path = os.path.abspath(a_module.__file__)
You can also try:
path ...
How do I check OS with a preprocessor directive?
...ecks. Here are a few of them, with links to where they're found:
Windows
_WIN32 Both 32 bit and 64 bit
_WIN64 64 bit only
Unix (Linux, *BSD, Mac OS X)
See this related question on some of the pitfalls of using this check.
unix
__unix
__unix__
Mac OS X
__APPLE__
__MACH__
Both are de...
How to use a dot “.” to access members of dictionary?
...ope to help you:
class Map(dict):
"""
Example:
m = Map({'first_name': 'Eduardo'}, last_name='Pool', age=24, sports=['Soccer'])
"""
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
super(Map, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
for arg in args:
if isinstance(arg, dict...
What exactly does += do in python?
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In Python, += is sugar coating for the __iadd__ special method, or __add__ or __radd__ if __iadd__ isn't present. The __iadd__ method of a class can do anything it wants. The list object implements it and uses it to iterate over an iterable object appending each...