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Python: How do I make a subclass from a superclass?
...
# Initialize using Parent
#
class MySubClass(MySuperClass):
def __init__(self):
MySuperClass.__init__(self)
Or, even better, the use of Python's built-in function, super() (see the Python 2/Python 3 documentation for it) may be a slightly better method of calling the parent for ...
Is there any difference between __DIR__ and dirname(__FILE__) in PHP?
... ; so, no difference on that.
For example, the two following lines :
var_dump(dirname(__FILE__));
var_dump(__DIR__);
Will both give the same output :
string '/home/squale/developpement/tests/temp' (length=37)
But, there are at least two differences :
__DIR__ only exists with PHP >= 5.3...
How to get a complete list of object's methods and attributes?
...nts accepted by the getattr built-in function. As the user can reimplement __getattr__, suddenly allowing any kind of attribute, there is no possible generic way to generate that list. The dir function returns the keys in the __dict__ attribute, i.e. all the attributes accessible if the __getattr__ ...
namedtuple and default values for optional keyword arguments
...Node()
Node(val=None, left=None, right=None)
Before Python 3.7
Set Node.__new__.__defaults__ to the default values.
>>> from collections import namedtuple
>>> Node = namedtuple('Node', 'val left right')
>>> Node.__new__.__defaults__ = (None,) * len(Node._fields)
>&g...
What does the “at” (@) symbol do in Python?
...
Example
class Pizza(object):
def __init__(self):
self.toppings = []
def __call__(self, topping):
# When using '@instance_of_pizza' before a function definition
# the function gets passed onto 'topping'.
self.toppings.appe...
Evaluating a mathematical expression in a string
...I've rewrapped fourFn into a numeric parser class for easier reuse.
from __future__ import division
from pyparsing import (Literal, CaselessLiteral, Word, Combine, Group, Optional,
ZeroOrMore, Forward, nums, alphas, oneOf)
import math
import operator
__author__ = 'Paul McGu...
Iterate over object attributes in python
... object attributes are callable, such as methods.
>>> dir(obj)
['__class__', '__delattr__', '__dict__', '__doc__', '__format__', '__getattribute__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__module__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subcla...
What is the fastest way to get the value of π?
...ically, I'm using ways that don't involve using #define constants like M_PI , or hard-coding the number in.
22 Answers
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Confused about __str__ on list in Python [duplicate]
Coming from a Java background, I understand that __str__ is something like a Python version of toString (while I do realize that Python is the older language).
...
Why do some functions have underscores “__” before and after the function name?
...gnized (these can generally be combined with any case convention):
_single_leading_underscore: weak "internal use" indicator. E.g. from M import * does not import objects whose name starts with an underscore.
single_trailing_underscore_: used by convention to avoid conflicts with Python ke...