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How to make a class property? [duplicate]
...re's how I would do this:
class ClassPropertyDescriptor(object):
def __init__(self, fget, fset=None):
self.fget = fget
self.fset = fset
def __get__(self, obj, klass=None):
if klass is None:
klass = type(obj)
return self.fget.__get__(obj, klass)(...
What does the “at” (@) symbol do in Python?
...
Example
class Pizza(object):
def __init__(self):
self.toppings = []
def __call__(self, topping):
# When using '@instance_of_pizza' before a function definition
# the function gets passed onto 'topping'.
self.toppings.appe...
namedtuple and default values for optional keyword arguments
...Node()
Node(val=None, left=None, right=None)
Before Python 3.7
Set Node.__new__.__defaults__ to the default values.
>>> from collections import namedtuple
>>> Node = namedtuple('Node', 'val left right')
>>> Node.__new__.__defaults__ = (None,) * len(Node._fields)
>&g...
How to get a complete list of object's methods and attributes?
...nts accepted by the getattr built-in function. As the user can reimplement __getattr__, suddenly allowing any kind of attribute, there is no possible generic way to generate that list. The dir function returns the keys in the __dict__ attribute, i.e. all the attributes accessible if the __getattr__ ...
Evaluating a mathematical expression in a string
...I've rewrapped fourFn into a numeric parser class for easier reuse.
from __future__ import division
from pyparsing import (Literal, CaselessLiteral, Word, Combine, Group, Optional,
ZeroOrMore, Forward, nums, alphas, oneOf)
import math
import operator
__author__ = 'Paul McGu...
Why does the C preprocessor interpret the word “linux” as the constant “1”?
...whether it's being compiled for a Linux target or not it can check whether __linux__ is defined (assuming you're using gcc or a compiler that's compatible with it). See the GNU C preprocessor manual for more information.
A largely irrelevant aside: the "Best One Liner" winner of the 1987 Internatio...
Why do some functions have underscores “__” before and after the function name?
...gnized (these can generally be combined with any case convention):
_single_leading_underscore: weak "internal use" indicator. E.g. from M import * does not import objects whose name starts with an underscore.
single_trailing_underscore_: used by convention to avoid conflicts with Python ke...
Iterate over object attributes in python
... object attributes are callable, such as methods.
>>> dir(obj)
['__class__', '__delattr__', '__dict__', '__doc__', '__format__', '__getattribute__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__module__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subcla...
What is the fastest way to get the value of π?
...ically, I'm using ways that don't involve using #define constants like M_PI , or hard-coding the number in.
22 Answers
...
Is it possible to make abstract classes in Python?
...
# Python 2
from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod
class Abstract:
__metaclass__ = ABCMeta
@abstractmethod
def foo(self):
pass
Whichever way you use, you won't be able to instantiate an abstract class that has abstract methods, but will be able to instantiate a subclass th...